A low threshold convulsive area in the rabbit's mesencephalon

Bergmann, Felix; Costin, A.; Gutman, Jehuda

doi:10.1016/0013-4694(63)90119-6

Cited by 86 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In experiments with electrical stimulation of the reticular formation, it was found that convulsions were not correlated with seizure activity in the EEG (Kreindler et al, 1958;Bergmann et al, 1963). However all studies, including our present study that employed both direct injection of drugs and EEG recording, reported spikes or seizures during convulsions (Faeth et al, 1956;Kumagay et al, 1962;Ralston and Langer, 1965;Cesa-Bianchi et al, 1967;Velasco et al, 1985).…”

Section: ) or By Interactions Between The Reticular Formation Andcontrasting

confidence: 39%

Brainstem Experimental Seizures Produced by Microinjections of Carbachol

Elazar

Feldman

1987

Epilepsia

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Microinjections of 2-10 micrograms of carbachol into the mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF) and pontine reticular formation (PRF) of rats consistently induced local electroencephalographic seizures. These seizures had organized, rhythmical patterns and were long lasting. They spread powerfully and bilaterally between the MRF and PRF and also to the hippocampus and cortex. The electroencephalographic seizures were accompanied by severe, long-lasting convulsions. These convulsions were clonic and bilateral, started in the head area and progressed rostro-caudally to become generalized to the entire body. Other nonconvulsive behaviors were activated by the seizures. Immobility and catalepsy were the most frequent nonconvulsive correlates of the brainstem carbachol seizures.

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Section: ) or By Interactions Between The Reticular Formation Andcontrasting

confidence: 39%

Brainstem Experimental Seizures Produced by Microinjections of Carbachol

Elazar

Feldman

1987

Epilepsia

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“…Judging from our lesion studies and electrographic findings it appears that the portion of brainstem which we regard as critical generally coincides with the area of low convulsive threshold (Bergmann et al, 1963) from which a convulsive response (Kreindler et al, 1958) or bilateral cortical response resembling human petit mal pattern was induced by either electrical stimulation (Weir, 1964) or by implantation of alumna cream (Guerreo-Figueroa et al, 1963). Immediately rostral to this same site was also reported to be critically involved in the pathway for pentylenetetrazol-induced generalized convulsion (Jinnai and Nishimoto, 1963).…”

Section: Eeg Findingsmentioning

confidence: 94%

The Generalized Convulsive Seizure State Induced by Daily Electrical Stimulation of the Amygdala in Split Brain Cats

1975

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Daily unilateral electrical stimulation of amygdala in forebrain bisected cats provoked the development of the final stage of the kindled convulsion with remarkable rapidity regardless of presence or absence of anterior commissure. The chronological and spatial pattern of propagation of afterdischarge, interictal spike discharge, and clinical manifestations strongly suggest the significant role played by the midbrain reticular formation and possibly other brainstem structures in the progressive electroclinical seizure development. This assumption was supported by the results of a lesion study in which placement of a destructive lesion in the ipsilateral midbrain reticular formation markedly increased the generalized seizure triggering threshold, lateralized the afterdischarge to the stimulated hemisphere when induced with increased intensity stimulation, fragmented clinical seizure manifestations, and failed to produce progression of clinical and electrographic events with prolonged daily stimulation. This is in contrast to the insignificant effect produced by a peduncular lesion. Our findings suggest that vertical (limbic-brainstem), but not horizontal (transhemispheric interlimbic) connection is critically involved in the amygdaloid seizure development while the forebrain commissures may play a role in the development of bisynchronous and bisymmetrical ictal and interictal electrographic and clinical manifestations. Finally, possible differential effect of forebrain bisection depending on developing in contrast with a established (cerebral) hemispheric epileptogenic process is postulated to explain the "facilitatory" effect observed in our series in contrast to the beneficial effects reported on some intractable seizure patients.

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“…Although the cerebral cortex is considered important for the development of seizures in general [8], previous experimental studies have suggested that electrical or chemical stimulation of the brainstem tegmentum, particularly the mesencephalic reticular formation (RF), induces convulsive seizures [9, 10, 11, 12]. Autopsy and MRI show the involvement of the midbrain tegmentum in patients with convulsive movements [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convulsive Movements in Bilateral Paramedian Thalamic and Midbrain Infarction

Yamashiro

Furuya²,

Noda³

et al. 2011

Case Rep Neurol

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Although some previous reports have described convulsive movements in bilateral paramedian thalamic and midbrain infarction, little is known about their nature. A 71-year-old man presented with impaired consciousness and clonic movements of both arms. Each series of movements lasted 10 to 20 s and occurred at 2- to 3-min intervals, which disappeared after intravenous administration of diazepam and phenytoin. Magnetic resonance imaging showed acute bilateral paramedian thalamic and midbrain infarction. A review of the literature revealed that convulsive movements were observed mostly at the onset of infarction. Clonic movements appeared frequently in the limbs, particularly in both arms. Clinical observations and results of animal experiments suggest that these seizures might originate from the mesencephalic reticular formation. Physicians should recognize this condition, because not only seizure control but also early management of ischemic stroke is required.

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A low threshold convulsive area in the rabbit's mesencephalon

Cited by 86 publications

References 11 publications

Brainstem Experimental Seizures Produced by Microinjections of Carbachol

Brainstem Experimental Seizures Produced by Microinjections of Carbachol

The Generalized Convulsive Seizure State Induced by Daily Electrical Stimulation of the Amygdala in Split Brain Cats

Convulsive Movements in Bilateral Paramedian Thalamic and Midbrain Infarction

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