A low-voltage paper spray ionization QTOF-MS method for the qualitative analysis of NPS in street drug blotter samples

Birk, Letícia; Eller, Sarah; Mafra, Gabriela; Brognoli, Rafael; Carpes, Marcos José Souza; Scolmeister, Daniel; Carasek, Eduardo; Merib, Josias; Oliveira, Tiago Franco de

doi:10.1007/s11419-019-00496-9

Cited by 14 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Very few samples tested positive for NPS and only one sample (an "unknown pill") tested positive for fentanyl. Another study [8] tested low-voltage paper spray ionization QTOF-MS and was able to detect NBOMe, DOB, and 4-F-α-PVP. The authors believe this method can be used to enhance the performance of other methods; for example, it can be used as a qualitative screening before MS. Another study [9] used thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plus reagent testing to detect the presence of adulterants in drugs at dance festivals.…”

Section: Analysis Methods For Testing Of Drug Product Pre-consumption: Drug Checkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug checking to detect fentanyl and new psychoactive substances

Palamar

Salomone

Barratt

2020

Current Opinion in Psychiatry

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Introduction: Drug checking services invite drug consumers to anonymously submit drug samples for chemical analysis and provide feedback of results. Drugs are tested for strength/dose and/or presence of adulterants. Drug checking appears to be more common in recent years in response to increases in fentanyl-related deaths and the proliferation of new psychoactive substances (NPS). Purpose of review:We aim to provide information regarding the current state of drug checking in relation to analysis methods, adulteration rates, and behavioral responses to results. Recent findings:Various technologies are being used to detect the presence of fentanyl, its analogs, and other NPS in drug samples. Proxy drug-checking, which we define as biospecimen testing for drug exposure post-consumption, is also becoming common. However, there appears to a dichotomy between research focusing on populations at high risk for fentanyl exposure and to exposure to NPS such as synthetic cathinones.Summary: Drug checking research and services largely focus on opioid consumers and nightclub and dance festival attendees, but more focus may be needed on the general population. Drug checking results can inform surveillance efforts, and more research is needed to overcome barriers to drug checking and to focus on whether test results indeed affect behavior change.

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Section: Analysis Methods For Testing Of Drug Product Pre-consumption: Drug Checkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug checking to detect fentanyl and new psychoactive substances

Palamar

Salomone

Barratt

2020

Current Opinion in Psychiatry

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“…Due to the lack of chromatographic separation, these direct analysis techniques are commonly applied to seized samples, where the background matrix is less likely to affect the analysis. Birk et al ( 2020 ) reported a method for the direct detection of novel phenethylamines, including 2C and NBOMe compounds, on street drug blotter samples using a paper spray ionisation QTOF-MS technique. Paper spray ionisation uses a combination of solvent and high voltages to create an ionised spray in a similar mechanism to electrospray ionisation.…”

Section: Nps Screening—instrumental Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Developments in high-resolution mass spectrometric analyses of new psychoactive substances

et al. 2022

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The proliferation of new psychoactive substances (NPS) has necessitated the development and improvement of current practices for the detection and identification of known NPS and newly emerging derivatives. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) is quickly becoming the industry standard for these analyses due to its ability to be operated in data-independent acquisition (DIA) modes, allowing for the collection of large amounts of data and enabling retrospective data interrogation as new information becomes available. The increasing popularity of HRMS has also prompted the exploration of new ways to screen for NPS, including broad-spectrum wastewater analysis to identify usage trends in the community and metabolomic-based approaches to examine the effects of drugs of abuse on endogenous compounds. In this paper, the novel applications of HRMS techniques to the analysis of NPS is reviewed. In particular, the development of innovative data analysis and interpretation approaches is discussed, including the application of machine learning and molecular networking to toxicological analyses.

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“…Biomatrices contain other constituents that are found in much larger amounts than xenobiotics; these background species can generate chemical noise, reducing the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), and can interfere with analyte signal (i.e., cause ion suppression or enhancement), thus compromising analytical sensitivity and reproducibility. These effects have mostly been observed with sources that allow ionization of molecules covering a wide range of molecular weights, like DESI, DART, and DAPPI (Birk et al, 2019;Jackson et al, 2010;Kuo et al, 2019;Lesiak et al, 2014a;Suni et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2018). Techniques that use atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) and APCI sources, like DAPPI and DSA respectively, usually have fewer matrix effects than ESIbased techniques.…”

Section: Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an example, observed up to 48% of interference in the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of amfetamine-like compounds in whole blood using PSI-MS; visual inspection revealed that these samples were extremely viscous and full of clots, potentially causing the interference . Also, Birk et al (2019) reported matrix effects while using blotter papers as PSI substrate (Birk et al, 2019).…”

Section: Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient ionization mass spectrometry applied to new psychoactive substance analysis

Ena

Cowan

Abbate

2021

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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In the past decade a plethora of drugs with similar effects to controlled psychoactive drugs, like cannabis, amfetamine (amphetamine), or lysergic acid diethylamide, have been synthesized. These drugs can collectively be classified under the term new psychoactive substances (NPS) and are used for recreational purposes. The novelty of the substances, alongside the rapid rate of emergence and structural variability, makes their detection as well as their legal control highly challenging, increasing the demand for rapid and easy-to-use analytical techniques for their detection and identification. Therefore, interest in ambient ionization mass spectrometry applied to NPS has grown in recent years, which is largely because it is relatively fast and simple to use and has a low operating cost. This review aims to provide a critique of the suitability of current ambient ionization techniques for the analysis of NPS in the forensic and clinical toxicology fields. Consideration is given to analytical performance and ease of implementation, including ionization efficiency, selectivity, sensitivity, quantification, analyte chemistry, molecular coverage, validation, and practicality.

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A low-voltage paper spray ionization QTOF-MS method for the qualitative analysis of NPS in street drug blotter samples

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

Drug checking to detect fentanyl and new psychoactive substances

Drug checking to detect fentanyl and new psychoactive substances

Developments in high-resolution mass spectrometric analyses of new psychoactive substances

Ambient ionization mass spectrometry applied to new psychoactive substance analysis

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