A lumped parameter model for diesel soot morphology evaluation and emission control

Abstract

Diesel engine emission standards have become more and more severe in recent years. The use of diesel particulate filters (DPFs) is a consolidated technology to reduce the emission of particulate matter out of such engines. This work is aimed at presenting a global lumped parameter for onboard applications to estimate soot morphology and its effects on DPF performances. Starting from diesel soot production during combustion, soot morphology is evaluated in terms of fractal dimension and radii of gyration. The morphology of particulate matter influences the permeability of soot deposit inside the DPF: the growth of soot layer and the consequent pressure loss are evaluated during the loading phase in different sections of the trap. Finally, the temperature trend during regeneration is computed, as a function of the amount of soot accumulated in the different zones of the DPF. The results are compared to experimental measures from the literature and to 3D-computational fluid dynamics (3D-CFD) simulations.

Development of a combined solver to model transport and chemical reactions in catalytic wall-flow filters

“…Falcucci aimed at presenting a global lumped parameter for onboard applications to estimate soot morphology and its effects on DPF performances. Indeed, the morphology of particulate matter influences the permeability of soot deposit inside the DPF: the growth of soot layer has a non negligible impact on the pressure and the temperature trend during the regeneration in the different zones of the DPF [10].…”

The state-of-the-art of soot load estimation in diesel particulate filters: A review

“…Falcucci et al [64] proposed a lump-parameter model to study the soot evolution in diesel engine combustion chamber, the soot aggregation, growth and final oxidation in non-catalytic DPF. The model considered the morphology of soot and could predict the characteristics of soot amount, pressure drop, soot layer thickness, permeability, packing density and so on.…”

Reducing Fuel Consumption in Hydraulic Excavators—A Comprehensive Analysis

“…Although the pump's differential efficiency changes slightly depending on the pressure and displacement setting, measurements show that ∆η Pump can be roughly approximated using a constant value of 0.9. (14) To show how useful the equation is, consider an 18 t excavator with a six-litre diesel engine operating at 1800 rpm as an example.…”

“…In the late 20th century, studies proved that the particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrous oxides (NOX) formed during the combustion of diesel fuel, are all detrimental to human health [12][13][14]. In an attempt to improve the air quality in cities and towns, governments introduced a set of stringent diesel emission standards in the 1990s.…”