A Lymnaea stagnalis Embryo Test for Toxicity Bioindication of Acidification and Ammonia Pollution in Water

Abstract

Abstract:The paper presents a study leading to a new acute toxicity test on embryonic and juvenile organisms of the great pond snail (Lymnaea stagnalis Linnaeus). Sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and ammonium hydroxide were used as waterborne toxicants in laboratory experiments. The exposure time was 24 h. Tests were conducted in 5-10 replications for each toxicant. The toxicity of the substances was classified according to different scales and the test's sensitivity was compared to that of the commonly used bioindicator Daphnia magna Straus. The assessment of toxicity impact was supported by microscopic observations. The probit method was used as a parametric statistical procedure to estimate LC 50 and the associated 95% confidence interval. Our study showed that the early developmental stages of Lymnaea stagnalis are very sensitive bioindicators, making it possible to detect even very low levels of the above-mentioned water toxicants. The highest toxicity is shown by ammonium hydroxide with LC 50/24h values, respectively, 24.27 for embryos and 24.72 for juvenile forms, and the lowest is shown by nitric acid ions with LC 50/24h values, respectively, 105.19 for embryos and 170.47 for juvenile forms. It is highly cost-effective due to simple and efficient breeding and the small size of the organisms in the bioassay population. Compared with Daphnia magna, relatively low concentrations of toxicants caused a lethal effect on embryonic and juvenile organisms of the great pond snail. Owing to their common occurrence and sensitivity, early developmental forms of Lymnaea stagnalis can be a valuable new tool in biomonitoring of the freshwater environment.

Multivariate statistical approaches to benthic macroinvertebrates and water quality for farming impact assessment in Selangor River, Malaysia

“…Unfortunately, the morphological identi cation for Epheomeptera is highly challenging for many benthic macroinvertebrates. Also, several studies (Patrick 2015;Mazur et al 2016) reported that Lymnaeidae could tolerate water with low DO, the CCA result of this study was not able to validate it.…”

Ion channel profiling of the Lymnaea stagnalis ganglia via transcriptome analysis

“…Also, as a widely-distributed organism in freshwater ecosystems all over the world, L. stagnalis has recently been adopted as the model species of a new OECD test guideline [ 8 ]. It has been used as a biomonitor for the effects of a variety of water conditions and pollutants, including heavy metals [ 9 , 10 ], water acidification [ 11 ], and pesticide use [ 12 , 13 ]. Finally, L. stagnalis is relatively closely related to the land snail Biomphalaria glabrata , a vector for Schistosoma mansoni , the parasite that is the cause for schistosomiasis [ 14 ], a prominent public health burden in developing countries.…”

Ion channel profiling of the Lymnaea stagnalis ganglia via transcriptome analysis

“…Due to differing levels of non-coding RNA annotation for each species, we have focused our analyses on protein-coding transcripts. Annotation of the top 20 expressed transcripts in each of these ve species (Table S7- 11), in the same manner as done for L. stagnalis (Table 1), found a predominance of transcripts involved in energy production, protein synthesis, and signaling, in both vertebrate and invertebrate species. To gain a complementary perspective, we characterized the functional categorization of CNS protein-coding transcripts amongst L. stagnalis and these ve common model organisms ( Figure 3) using their KOG annotations.…”

“…Also, as a widely-distributed organism in freshwater ecosystems all over the world, L. stagnalis has recently been adopted as the model species of a new OECD test guideline [8]. It has been used as a biomonitor for the effects of a variety of water conditions and pollutants, including heavy metals [9,10], water acidi cation [11], and pesticide use [12,13]. Finally, L. stagnalis is relatively closely related to the land snail Biomphalaria glabrata, a vector for Schistosoma mansoni, the parasite that is the cause for schistosomiasis [14], a prominent public health burden in developing countries.…”