“…[2][3][4][5][6][7][8]58 Because clinical data are not routinely available until patients seek care for symptoms, most classification and staging algorithms are primarily informed by late-stage disease, which leads to ambiguity, overlap, and generalization, relegating physicians and patients to incomplete, possibly inaccurate, data for decision making regarding type and timing of treatment. [59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68] As such, more nuanced, earlier, longitudinal analytical methods, ideally including controls for relevant cohorts, which incorporate articular cartilage lesions features, whole-joint status, and whole-patient variables are needed to fill this unmet need in orthopaedic health care. Unfortunately, current analytical methods for classification, staging, or prediction of joint disease suffer from key issues, including standardization for terminology and methods, lack of well-designed studies, subjectivity of classification or inputs, lack of analytical validation, and lack of relevance to clinical practice (i.e., external validity).…”