A Magnetic-Dependent Vibration Energy Harvester Based on the Tunable Point Defect in 2D Magneto-Elastic Phononic Crystals

Abstract

In this work, an innovative vibration energy harvester is designed by using the point defect effect of two-dimensional (2D) magneto-elastic phononic crystals (PCs) and the piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric material. A point defect is formed by removing the central Tenfenol-D rod to confine and enhance vibration energy into a spot, after which the vibration energy is electromechanically converted into electrical energy by attaching a piezoelectric patch into the area of the point defect. Numerical analysis of the point defect can be carried out by the finite element method in combination with the supercell technique. A 3D Zheng-Liu (Z-L) model which accurately describes the magneto-mechanical coupling constitutive behavior of magnetostrictive material is adopted to obtain variable band structures by applied magnetic field and pre-stress along the z direction. The piezoelectric material is utilized to predict the output voltage and power based on the capacity to convert vibration energy into electrical energy. For the proposed tunable vibration energy harvesting system, numerical results illuminate that band gaps (BGs) and defect bands of the in-plane mixed wave modes (XY modes) can be adjusted to a great extent by applied magnetic field and pre-stress, and thus a much larger range of vibration frequency and more broad-distributed energy can be obtained. The defect bands in the anti-plane wave mode (Z mode), however, have a slight change with applied magnetic field, which leads to a certain frequency range of energy harvesting. These results can provide guidance for the intelligent control of vibration insulation and the active design of continuous power supply for low power devices in engineering.

Theoretical Investigation of Magneto-Electro-Elastic Piezoelectric Phononic Crystal

“…This feature promotes the wide application of the MEE in many fields of science and engineering, e.g., sensors [11], smart devices [12] and nondestructive evaluation [13], which are closely related to the knowledge of wave propagation. Various analytical and numerical techniques related to wave propagation in MEE structures were developed by numerous scholars [14][15][16][17][18]. However, few studies have focused on MEE piezoelectric phononic crystals.…”

A Phononic Crystal with Differently Configured Double Defects for Broadband Elastic Wave Energy Localization and Harvesting

“…Several prior efforts have been dedicated to analytical/numerical modeling [32][33][34] and experimental demonstrations [35][36][37] of enhanced PEH strategies that leverage a PnC with a single defect. However, inherent challenges exist in that the bandwidth for PEH is considerably narrow, since the defect-mode-induced energy localization and harvesting approaches examined in previous research can be performed only at a single defect band frequency.…”

Electro-Mechanical Coupling Properties of Band Gaps in an Elastic/Piezoelectric Phononic Crystal Nonlocal Nanobeam With Periodically Attached “spring-Mass” Resonators

“…Particularly, in order to meet engineering requirements, the mentalities of designing of various PCs have been introduced to several basic elastic elements, for instance: rod, beam, plate and so on [14,15] . However, the main disadvantage of such PC structures is the uncontrol of band gaps if they are manufactured, which can be overcome by the appearance of some new type PC structures based on the coupling of multi-physics, for example: magneto-electro-elastic PCs, piezoelectric PCs, piezomagnetic PCs and so on [16][17][18] . Among them, band gaps of piezoelectric PCs can be effectively adjusted and controlled by means of converting electric and mechanical fields.…”