A magnetic resonance study of non-adiabatic evolution of spin quantum states

Appelt, Stephan; Wäckerle, G.; Mehring, M.

doi:10.1007/bf01439380

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The projection of the Earth's rotation axis Ω E along the bias field is Ω z = Ω E · B 0 /B 0 = 6.5 µHz. Although B 0 is not parallel to the Earth's rotation axis, the effect of Berry's phase is negligible [33][34][35][36]. The predictions from Eq.…”

Section: Uses a Train Ofmentioning

confidence: 85%

He3−Xe129 Comagnetometery using
Limes
¹
,
Sheng
²
,
Romalis
³

2018
Phys. Rev. Lett.
129
2
81
0
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We describe a 3 He-129 Xe comagnetometer using 87 Rb atoms for noble-gas spin polarization and detection. We use a train of 87 Rb π pulses and σ + /σ − optical pumping to realize a finite-field Rb magnetometer with suppression of spin-exchange relaxation. We suppress frequency shifts from polarized Rb by measuring the 3 He and 129 Xe spin precession frequencies in the dark, while applying π pulses along two directions to depolarize Rb atoms. The plane of the π pulses is rotated to suppress the Bloch-Siegert shifts for the nuclear spins. We measure the ratio of 3 He to 129 Xe spin precession frequencies with sufficient absolute accuracy to resolve the Earth's rotation without changing the orientation of the comagnetometer. A frequency resolution of 7 nHz is achieved after integration for 8 hours without evidence of significant drift.PACS numbers: 32.30. Dx, 06.30.Gv, 39.90.+d Spin comagnetometers first introduced in [1] are used for several types of fundamental physics experiments, such as tests of Lorentz, CP and CPT symmetries [2][3][4][5] and searches for spin-dependent forces [6][7][8][9][10]. They also have practical applications as inertial rotation sensors [11][12][13][14][15][16]. When two different spin ensembles occupy the same volume they experience nearly the same average magnetic field [17]. The ratio of their spin precession frequencies f r = ω He /ω Xe can then be used to measure the inertial rotation rate Ω or a spin coupling beyond the Standard Model b:( 1) where B 0 is the bias field alongẑ and γ He , γ Xe are the gyromagnetic ratios for 3 He and 129 Xe, which are well known [18]. Since I = 1/2 nuclear spins are free from quadrupolar energy shifts [19], f r provides an absolute measure of non-magnetic spin interactions-this is particularly important in searches for spin-gravity coupling [20] (where the interaction is hard to modulate), and for use as a gyroscope.An alkali-metal magnetometer provides a natural way to detect nuclear-spin signals because Rb atoms are already used to polarize the nuclear spins by spin-exchange collisions; these collisions enhance the classical dipolar field from the nuclear magnetization by a factor κ 0 [21], which is about 5 for Rb-3 He [22] and 500 for Rb-Xe [23]. However, the presence of polarized Rb atoms also causes large noble-gas frequency shifts that affect the accuracy of Eq. (1). In the past, these frequency shifts have been avoided in 3 He-129 Xe comagnetometers by detecting a smaller dipolar field outside of an alkali-free cell using an RF coil [24] or a SQUID magnetometer [25].In this Letter we describe a new method for operating the 3 He-129 Xe comagnetometer using 87 Rb readout with high sensitivity and accuracy. We develop a 87 Rb magnetometer that can operate in a finite magnetic field of about 5 mG while suppressing Rb-Rb spin-exchange relaxation to increase the magnetometer sensitivity. It

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Section: Uses a Train Ofmentioning

confidence: 85%

He3−Xe129 Comagnetometery using
Limes
¹
,
Sheng
²
,
Romalis
³

2018
Phys. Rev. Lett.
129
2
81
0
View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The projection of Earth's rotation axis Ω E along the bias field is Ω z ¼ Ω E · B 0 =B 0 ¼ 6.5 μHz. Although B 0 is not parallel to Earth's rotation axis, the effect of Berry's phase is negligible [36][37][38][39]. The predictions from Eq.…”

mentioning

confidence: 86%

Spin Gyroscope is Ready to Look for New Physics

Kimball

2018

Physics

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We describe a 3 He-129 Xe comagnetometer using 87 Rb atoms for noble-gas spin polarization and detection. We use a train of 87 Rb π pulses and σ þ =σ − optical pumping to realize a finite-field Rb magnetometer with suppression of spin-exchange relaxation. We suppress frequency shifts from polarized Rb by measuring the 3 He and 129Xe spin precession frequencies in the dark, while applying π pulses along two directions to depolarize Rb atoms. The plane of the π pulses is rotated to suppress the Bloch-Siegert shifts for the nuclear spins. We measure the ratio of 3 He to 129 Xe spin precession frequencies with sufficient absolute accuracy to resolve Earth's rotation without changing the orientation of the comagnetometer. A frequency resolution of 7 nHz is achieved after integration for 8 h without evidence of significant drift. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.033401 Spin comagnetometers first introduced in Ref.[1] are used for several types of fundamental physics experiments, such as tests of Lorentz, CP, and CPT symmetries [2][3][4][5] and searches for spin-dependent forces [6][7][8][9][10]. They also have practical applications as inertial rotation sensors [11][12][13][14][15][16]. When two different spin ensembles occupy the same volume they experience nearly the same average magnetic field [17]. The ratio of their spin precession frequencies f r ¼ ω He =ω Xe can then be used to measure the inertial rotation rate Ω or a spin coupling beyond the standard model b:where B 0 is the bias field alongẑ and γ He , γ Xe are the gyromagnetic ratios for 3 He and 129 Xe, which are well known [18]. Since I ¼ 1=2 nuclear spins are free from quadrupolar energy shifts [19], f r provides an absolute measure of nonmagnetic spin interactions-this is particularly important in searches for spin-gravity coupling [20] (where the interaction is hard to modulate), and for use as a gyroscope. An alkali-metal magnetometer provides a natural way to detect nuclear-spin signals because Rb atoms are already used to polarize the nuclear spins by spin-exchange collisions; these collisions enhance the classical dipolar field from the nuclear magnetization by a factor κ 0 [21], which is about 5 for Rb- However, the presence of polarized Rb atoms also causes large noble-gas frequency shifts that affect the accuracy of Eq. (1). In the past, these frequency shifts have been avoided in 3 He-129 Xe comagnetometers by detecting a smaller dipolar field outside of an alkali-free cell using a rf coil [24] or a SQUID magnetometer [25].In this Letter we describe a new method for operating the 3 He- 129Xe comagnetometer using 87Rb readout with high sensitivity and accuracy. We develop a 87Rb magnetometer that can operate in a finite magnetic field of about 5 mG while suppressing Rb-Rb spin-exchange relaxation to increase the magnetometer sensitivity. It uses a train of 87

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“…The total phase shift, φ m = ϕ ⋆ m + γ ⋆ m , accumulated during one revolution of the magnetic field can be broken up into a dynamic contribution, ϕ ⋆ m , and a geometric contribution, γ ⋆ m , where [26,28,29]…”

Section: Pure Spin-s Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Berry-like phases in structured atoms and molecules

et al. 2009

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Quantum mechanical phases arising from a periodically varying Hamiltonian are considered. These phases are derived from the eigenvalues of a stationary, ``dressed'' Hamiltonian that is able to treat internal atomic or molecular structure in addition to the time variation. In the limit of an adiabatic time variation, the usual Berry phase is recovered. For more rapid variation, non-adiabatic corrections to the Berry phase are recovered in perturbation theory, and their explicit dependence on internal structure emerges. Simple demonstrations of this formalism are given, to particles containing interacting spins, and to molecules in electric fields.Comment: 29 pages, 2 figures, submitted to PR

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A magnetic resonance study of non-adiabatic evolution of spin quantum states

Cited by 12 publications

References 29 publications

He3−Xe129 Comagnetometery using
Limes
¹
,
Sheng
²
,
Romalis
³

2018
Phys. Rev. Lett.
129
2
81
0
View full text Add to dashboard Cite

He3−Xe129 Comagnetometery using
Limes
¹
,
Sheng
²
,
Romalis
³

2018
Phys. Rev. Lett.
129
2
81
0
View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Spin Gyroscope is Ready to Look for New Physics

Berry-like phases in structured atoms and molecules

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A magnetic resonance study of non-adiabatic evolution of spin quantum states

Cited by 12 publications

References 29 publications

He3−Xe129 Comagnetometery using Limes1, Sheng2, Romalis3 2018Phys. Rev. Lett.1292810View full textAdd to dashboardCite

He3−Xe129 Comagnetometery using Limes1, Sheng2, Romalis3 2018Phys. Rev. Lett.1292810View full textAdd to dashboardCite

Spin Gyroscope is Ready to Look for New Physics

Berry-like phases in structured atoms and molecules

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Resources

About

He3−Xe129 Comagnetometery using
Limes
¹
,
Sheng
²
,
Romalis
³

2018
Phys. Rev. Lett.
129
2
81
0
View full text Add to dashboard Cite

He3−Xe129 Comagnetometery using
Limes
¹
,
Sheng
²
,
Romalis
³

2018
Phys. Rev. Lett.
129
2
81
0
View full text Add to dashboard Cite