A Magnetically Triggered Composite Membrane for On-Demand Drug Delivery

Abstract

Nanocomposite membranes based on thermosensitive, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based nanogels and magnetite nanoparticles have been designed to achieve “on-demand” drug delivery upon the application of an oscillating magnetic field. On-off release of sodium fluorescein over multiple magnetic cycles has been successfully demonstrated using prototype membrane-based devices. The total drug dose delivered was directly proportional to the duration of the “on” pulse. The membranes were non-cytotoxic, biocompatible, and retained their switchable flux properties after 45 days of subcutaneous implantation.

Near-infrared–actuated devices for remotely controlled drug delivery

“…The thermosensitive components of the membrane, the copolymer nanogel (NG) particles, were synthesized from N-isopropylacrylamide, N-isopropylmethacrylamide, and acrylamide (11,12) (Fig. 1D).…”

“…Recently, we reported a reservoir-based system capped by a nanocomposite membrane that became porous, and therefore permeable to drugs, upon activation by an oscillating magnetic field (11,12). The on-state drug release rate of that device could be tuned by adjusting the geometry and composition of the membrane, and therefore could be engineered to match the corresponding clinical need.…”

“…The on-state drug release rate of that device could be tuned by adjusting the geometry and composition of the membrane, and therefore could be engineered to match the corresponding clinical need. The device could achieve sustained release for at least 24 h, and triggered reproducibly over at least 10 cycles with minimal baseline leakage (11,12).…”

Programmable and on-demand drug release using electrical stimulation

“…Various types of drug release devices, such as hydrogel, 1,2 nano-particles, 3,4 and membrane-based reservoir devices, [5][6][7][8] have been extensively studied in literature. Among them, pulsatile drug delivery systems (PDDS) have drawn attention as they allow repeatable and reliable drug release flux for clinical needs.…”

“…For example, Okano et al 9 embedded a temperature-responsive hydrogel in the separation membranes within a PDDS to produce a temperature-dependent permeability for drug molecules, thereby allowing release rates to be responsive to environmental temperature changes. Hoare et al 6,7 assembled a membrane-based device and remotely applied an oscillating magnetic field to heat up the composite membrane. The membrane becomes more permeable to drug molecules at a higher temperature.…”