A magnetoencephalographic component whose latency reflects lexical frequency

Embick, David; Hackl, Michelle; Schaeffer, Jeannette; Kelepir, Meltem; Marantz, Alec

doi:10.1016/s0926-6410(00)00053-7

Cited by 92 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Across all conditions, we observed canonical early visual responses at ϳ100 and 150 ms that have consistently been identified in MEG during the presentation of visual words (Tarkiainen et al, 1999;Pylkkänen and Marantz, 2003). These visual responses were followed by the characteristic M250 and M350 field patterns, focused over the left temporal lobe, that also have been consistently observed after visually presented words (Embick et al, 2001;Pylkkänen et al, 2002;Pylkkänen and Marantz, 2003). Additionally, a large, sustained increase in MEG activity can be seen in the two-word composition condition beginning at ϳ350 ms and continuing to 450 ms.…”

Section: General Assessment Of Meg Sensor Datasupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Activity measured by fMRI within the pMTG exhibits lexical priming effects across a wide range of stimulus-onset asynchronies and modalities (Gold et al, 2006) and has been found to increase with the number of words processed per trial (Badre et al, 2005) and for judgments requiring lexical-semantic information (Gitelman et al, 2005). Within MEG, activity localized to this general region has shown sensitivity to many factors that affect the timing of lexical access, such as frequency (Embick et al, 2001), repetition (Pylkkänen et al, 2000), and phonotactic probability (Pylkkänen et al, 2002) (for review, see Pylkkänen and Marantz, 2003;Salmelin, 2007). Thus, there is converging evidence from both the hemodynamic and electrophysiological literature that the pMTG plays an integral role in the storage and retrieval of lexical information.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simple Composition: A Magnetoencephalography Investigation into the Comprehension of Minimal Linguistic Phrases

2011

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The expressive power of language lies in its ability to construct an infinite array of ideas out of a finite set of pieces. Surprisingly, few neurolinguistic investigations probe the basic processes that constitute the foundation of this ability, choosing instead to focus on relatively complex combinatorial operations. Contrastingly, in the present work, we investigate the neural circuits underlying simple linguistic composition, such as required by the minimal phrase "red boat." Using magnetoencephalography, we examined activity in humans generated at the visual presentation of target nouns, such as "boat," and varied the combinatorial operations induced by its surrounding context. Nouns in minimal compositional contexts ("red boat") were compared with those appearing in matched noncompositional contexts, such as after an unpronounceable consonant string ("xkq boat") or within a list ("cup, boat"). Source analysis did not implicate traditional language areas (inferior frontal gyrus, posterior temporal regions) in such basic composition. Instead, we found increased combinatorial-related activity in the left anterior temporal lobe (LATL) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). These regions have been linked previously to syntactic (LATL) and semantic (vmPFC) combinatorial processing in more complex linguistic contexts. Thus, we suggest that these regions play a role in basic syntactic and semantic composition, respectively. Importantly, the temporal ordering of the effects, in which LATL activity (ϳ225 ms) precedes vmPFC activity (ϳ400 ms), is consistent with many processing models that posit syntactic composition before semantic composition during the construction of linguistic representations.

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Section: General Assessment Of Meg Sensor Datasupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple Composition: A Magnetoencephalography Investigation into the Comprehension of Minimal Linguistic Phrases

2011

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“…Second, the Frequency Sensitive Negativity (FSN) component, which peaks in a latency range from 280 to 335 ms after word onset, has been described by King and Kutas (1998). Word-frequency effects were also found at later latency ranges, from 350 ms up to 500 ms from word onset (e.g., Embick, Hackl, Schaeffer, Kelepir, & Marantz, 2001;Hauk et al, 2006;Penolazzi et al, 2007). Given the sequential nature of the speech signal, it is difficult to compare the latency of the frequency effect found during spoken and visual word recognition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking the Time Course of Word‐Frequency Effects in Auditory Word Recognition With Event‐Related Potentials

2012

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Although the word-frequency effect is one of the most established findings in spoken-word recognition, the precise processing locus of this effect is still a topic of debate. In this study, we used event-related potentials (ERPs) to track the time course of the word-frequency effect. In addition, the neighborhood density effect, which is known to reflect mechanisms involved in word identification, was also examined. The ERP data showed a clear frequency effect as early as 350 ms from word onset on the P350, followed by a later effect at word offset on the late N400. A neighborhood density effect was also found at an early stage of spoken-word processing on the PMN, and at word offset on the late N400. Overall, our ERP differences for word frequency suggest that frequency affects the core processes of word identification starting from the initial phase of lexical activation and including target word selection. They thus rule out any interpretation of the word frequency effect that is limited to a purely decisional locus after word identification has been completed.

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“…The M350 constitutes an appropriate dependent measure for examining priming of morphological roots, as it shows many of the properties that one would expect of a neural index of lexical activation (Pylkkänen & Marantz, 2003). First, the M350 is the first MEG component in response to visual words that is sensitive to factors such as lexical frequency (Embick, Hackl, Schaeffer, Kelepir & Marantz, 2001) and repetition (Pylkkänen, Stringfellow, Flagg, & Marantz, 2001). Crucially, however, the M350 is not sensitive to late, decision-related factors and hence is not likely to reflect task-related processes (Pylkkänen, Stringfellow & Marantz, 2002).…”

Section: Are Polysemy Effects Special? Hypotheses and Predictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Representation of Polysemy: MEG Evidence

Pylkkänen

Llinás

Murphy

2006

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

156

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Most words in natural language are polysemous; i.e., they can be used in more than one way. For example, paper can be used to refer to a substance made out of wood pulp or to a daily publication printed on that substance. Even though virtually every sentence contains polysemy, there is little agreement as to how polysemy is represented in the mental lexicon. Do different uses of polysemous words involve access to a single representation or do our minds store distinct representations for each different sense? Here we investigated priming between senses with a combination of behavioral and magnetoencephalographic (MEG) measures in order to test whether different senses of the same word involve identity or mere formal and semantic similarity. Our results show that polysemy effects are clearly distinct from similarity effects bilaterally. In the left hemisphere, sense-relatedness elicited shorter latencies of the M350 source, which has been hypothesized to index lexical activation. Concurrent activity in the right hemisphere, on the other hand, peaked later for sense-related than for unrelated target stimuli, suggesting competition between related senses. The obtained pattern of results supports models in which the representation of polysemy involves both representational identity and difference: Related senses connect to same abstract lexical representation, but are distinctly listed within that representation.

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A magnetoencephalographic component whose latency reflects lexical frequency

Cited by 92 publications

References 11 publications

Simple Composition: A Magnetoencephalography Investigation into the Comprehension of Minimal Linguistic Phrases

Simple Composition: A Magnetoencephalography Investigation into the Comprehension of Minimal Linguistic Phrases

Tracking the Time Course of Word‐Frequency Effects in Auditory Word Recognition With Event‐Related Potentials

The Representation of Polysemy: MEG Evidence

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