A Major Role of the MEKK1–MKK1/2–MPK4 Pathway in ROS Signalling

Pitzschke, Andrea; Djamei, Armin; Bitton, Frédérique; Hirt, Heribert

doi:10.1093/mp/ssn079

Cited by 268 publications

(209 citation statements)

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“…For example, MEKK1 has been shown to both bind to the promoter of WRKY53 and phosphorylate this protein (Miao et al, 2007). Moreover, the kinase activity of MEKK1 seems to be dispensable for its function (Suarez-Rodriguez et al, 2007;Pitzschke et al, 2009), indicating that MEKK1 function is not solely dependent on the phosphorylation of downstream MAPK. Structurefunction analyses of MEKK1, for which mekk1-5 provides a valuable experimental tool, may offer insight into these varied roles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Roles for Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling and CALMODULIN-BINDING TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATOR3 in Regulating the Peak Time and Amplitude of the Plant General Stress Response

et al. 2014

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To survive environmental challenges, plants have evolved tightly regulated response networks, including a rapid and transient general stress response (GSR), followed by well-studied stress-specific responses. The mechanisms underpinning the GSR have remained elusive, but a functional cis-element, the rapid stress response element (RSRE), is known to confer transcription of GSR genes rapidly (5 min) and transiently (peaking 90-120 min after stress) in vivo. To investigate signal transduction events in the GSR, we used a 4xRSRE:LUCIFERASE reporter in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), employing complementary approaches of forward and chemical genetic screens, and identified components regulating peak time versus amplitude of RSRE activity. Specifically, we identified a mutant in CALMODULIN-BINDING TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATOR3 (CAMTA3) with reduced RSRE activation, verifying this transcription factor's role in activation of the RSRE-mediated GSR. Furthermore, we isolated a mutant in MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE (MAPK) KINASE KINASE1 (mekk1-5), which displays increased basal and an approximately 60-min earlier peak of wound-induced RSRE activation. The double mekk1/camta3 mutant positioned CAMTA3 downstream of MEKK1 and verified their distinct roles in GSR regulation. mekk1-5 displays programmed cell death and overaccumulates reactive oxygen species and salicylic acid, hallmarks of the hypersensitive response, suggesting that the hypersensitive response may play a role in the RSRE phenotype in this mutant. In addition, chemical inhibition studies suggest that the MAPK network is required for the rapid peak of the RSRE response, distinguishing the impact of chronic (mekk1-5) from transient (chemical inhibition) loss of MAPK signaling. Collectively, these results reveal underlying regulatory components of the plant GSR and further define their distinct roles in the regulation of this key biological process.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Roles for Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling and CALMODULIN-BINDING TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATOR3 in Regulating the Peak Time and Amplitude of the Plant General Stress Response

et al. 2014

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“…The MEKK1-MKK1/2-MPK4 pathway has been established as a negative regulator of SA and ROS signaling in Arabidopsis (Pitzschke et al, 2009a). Increased SA and ROS accumulation not only trigger cell death and defense, but they are also the consequence of the activation of MAPK signaling pathways (Yoshioka et al, 2003;Rentel and Knight, 2004;Nakagami et al, 2006;Pitzschke et al, 2009b).…”

Section: Gmmpk4 Negatively Controls Sa and H 2 O 2 Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Constitutively activated defense responses and stunted growth patterns, two intricately intertwined processes, are common features of Arabidopsis mutants such as mpk4, mkk1/2, mekk1, lsd1, snc1, bap1, and cpr6 that have elevated SA levels (Dietrich et al, 1997;Yang and Hua, 2004;Wang et al, 2007;Yang et al, 2007;Pitzschke et al, 2009a). The mpk4 mutant phenotype is SA dependent and NPR1 independent, because overexpression of nahG partially suppresses mpk4 dwarfism and fully suppresses its constitutively activated defense responses, whereas mpk4/npr1-1 double mutants fully retain the mpk4 dwarf stature and constitutively activated defense response (Petersen et al, 2000).…”

Section: Repression Of Growth and Development Is A Common Theme Of Comentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, both MPK4 and MEKK1 interact with MKK1 and MKK2 in vivo (Gao et al, 2008), and MEKK1 and MKK1/2 are essential for activation of MPK4 (Ichimura et al, 2006;Nakagami et al, 2006;Suarez-Rodriguez et al, 2007;Gao et al, 2008). Lastly, many defense-related genes are similarly deregulated in mekk1, mkk1/2, and mpk4 mutants (Qiu et al, 2008b;Pitzschke et al, 2009a). Therefore, a negative regulatory role of the MEKK1-MKK1/ 2-MPK4 module in defense responses has been firmly established in Arabidopsis.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Soybean Homologs of MPK4 Negatively Regulate Defense Responses and Positively Regulate Growth and Development

et al. 2011

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Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play important roles in disease resistance in model plant species such as Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). However, the importance of MAPK signaling pathways in the disease resistance of crops is still largely uninvestigated. To better understand the role of MAPK signaling pathways in disease resistance in soybean (Glycine max), 13, nine, and 10 genes encoding distinct MAPKs, MAPKKs, and MAPKKKs, respectively, were silenced using virus-induced gene silencing mediated by Bean pod mottle virus. Among the plants silenced for various MAPKs, MAPKKs, and MAPKKKs, those in which GmMAPK4 homologs (GmMPK4s) were silenced displayed strong phenotypes including stunted stature and spontaneous cell death on the leaves and stems, the characteristic hallmarks of activated defense responses. Microarray analysis showed that genes involved in defense responses, such as those in salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathways, were significantly up-regulated in GmMPK4-silenced plants, whereas genes involved in growth and development, such as those in auxin signaling pathways and in cell cycle and proliferation, were significantly down-regulated. As expected, SA and hydrogen peroxide accumulation was significantly increased in GmMPK4-silenced plants. Accordingly, GmMPK4-silenced plants were more resistant to downy mildew and Soybean mosaic virus compared with vector control plants. Using bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis and in vitro kinase assays, we determined that GmMKK1 and GmMKK2 might function upstream of GmMPK4. Taken together, our results indicate that GmMPK4s negatively regulate SA accumulation and defense response but positively regulate plant growth and development, and their functions are conserved across plant species.

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“…MPK4 of group B in the MAP kinase cascade associates with MEKK1 and interacts with MKK1 and MKK2 to suppress the activation of innate immune response in plants [2] [9][10][11]. MPK4 is also stimulated by flg22, and is involved in flagellin and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signalings [12][13][14]. Considering MEKK1, MKK1/MKK2 and MPK4 are closely associated to form a kinase cascade; interaction study of each gene across different plant species would be valuable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2017

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Abstract:Mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 (MPK4) interacts with the (Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1) MEKK1/ Mitogenactivated protein kinase kinase 1 (MKK1)/ Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 (MKK2) complex to affect its function in plant development or against pathogen attacks. The KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) network analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana revealed close interactions between those four genes in the same plant-pathogen interaction pathway, which warrants further study of these genes due to their evolutionary conservation in different plant species. Through targeting the signature sequence in MPK4 of papaya using orthologs from Arabidopsis, the predicted sequence of MPK4 was studied using a comparative in silico approach between different plant species and the MAP cascade complex of MEKK1/MKK1/MKK2. This paper reported that MPK4 was highly conserved in papaya with 93% identical across more than 500 bases compared in each species predicted. Slight variations found in the MEKK1/MKK1/MKK2 complex nevertheless still illustrated sequence similarities between most of the species. Localization of each gene in the cascade network was also predicted, potentiating future functional verification of these genes interactions using knock out or/and gene silencing tactics.

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A Major Role of the MEKK1–MKK1/2–MPK4 Pathway in ROS Signalling

Cited by 268 publications

References 51 publications

Distinct Roles for Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling and CALMODULIN-BINDING TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATOR3 in Regulating the Peak Time and Amplitude of the Plant General Stress Response

Distinct Roles for Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling and CALMODULIN-BINDING TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATOR3 in Regulating the Peak Time and Amplitude of the Plant General Stress Response

Soybean Homologs of MPK4 Negatively Regulate Defense Responses and Positively Regulate Growth and Development

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