A male congenital pelvic arteriovenous malformation diagnosed by abdominal ultrasound: A case report and literature review

Abstract

Congenital pelvic arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a rare vascular abnormality whereby arteries and veins are directly connected with malformed vascular plexus. Owing to its low incidence and nonspecific symptoms, the ultrasonographic characteristics of congenital pelvic AVM in males have been infrequently studied. A 30-year-old man visited our hospital complaining of progressive pain in the right lower abdomen and lumbar area since 2 months previously. Abdominal ultrasound (US) was performed at the initial examination and pelvic AVM was diagnosed, which was then confirmed by computed tomographic angiography. After right internal iliac artery embolization, the patient recovered uneventfully and remained asymptomatic during the 12-month follow-up period. Congenital pelvic AVM should thus be included in the differential diagnosis of pelvic cystic masses in males despite its low incidence, with US also being of great diagnostic value. We describe the ultrasonic features of AVM in detail and hope that this study may contribute to the ultrasonic diagnosis of congenital pelvic AVM in males.

Pelvic arteriovenous malformation mimicking benign prostatic hyperplasia: A case report

“…Additionally, surgical excision is often invasive, requiring sacrificing part of the adjacent pelvic organs, and bleeding as well. 1 , 4 , 13 Therefore, embolization is normally the treatment of choice, with various embolic agents such as coils, embolic particles, liquids.…”

“… 1 , 5 Reviewing in literature, there are approximately 20 cases of pAVM reported. 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 In male patients, pAVM presents with various symptoms such as pelvic discomfort, hematospermia, erectile dysfunction, hematuria, leading to difficulties in diagnosis. 2 , 11 In this report, we present a case of pAVM mimicking a BPH, which is a common issue of male at this age.…”

“… 1 , 2 , 3 Those lesions remain mostly asymptomatic, and the symptomps, if any, are nonspecific, including abdominal or pelvic pain, hematuria, hemospermia, impotence, dysuria, urinary retention, …leading to difficulties in diagnosis. 2 , 4 We hereby present a case of pelvic arteriovenous malformation (pAVM) in a male patient presenting symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). This patient was successfully treated by endovascular intervention.…”

Pelvic arteriovenous malformation (AVM) with recurrent hematuria: A case report

“…There are multiple treatment options for pelvic AVM, including ligation of the afferent artery, excision, and embolization. Nevertheless, it has been shown that the surgical method is typically ineffective and fraught with complications such as hemorrhage injury to adjacent organs, and a possibility of recurrence [ 18 ]. The first transcatheter embolization was carried out in the early 1970s [ 19 ].…”

“…During early 1980s, embolization was established as the treatment of choice for pelvic AVMs [ 20 ]. Due to the lower morbidity, mortality, and invasiveness, embolization is the treatment of choice for pelvic AVM [ 18 ]. A study by Cansaran et al in 2021 reported a case of AVM around the bladder that was first mistaken for an appendicular abscess and was excised by open surgery.…”