A manganese–hydrogen battery with potential for grid-scale energy storage

Membrane‐Free Zn/MnO2 Flow Battery for Large‐Scale Energy Storage

“…It is significant that the theoretical capacity of the cathode reaction is twice that of the traditional Zn/MnO 2 cell . We note that the long cycle life (≈10 000 cycles) of (Mn 2+ /MnO 2 dissolution/precipitation chemistry is possible as in recent demonstration of manganese‐hydrogen batteries . Here we demonstrated that our new Zn/MnO 2 batteries have a high discharge voltage of ≈1.78 V, excellent cycling stability (1000 cycles without decay) and good rate capability up to 10C.…”

Initiating Hexagonal MoO3 for Superb‐Stable and Fast NH4+ Storage Based on Hydrogen Bond Chemistry

“…[ 1,10 ] Additionally, the intrinsic safety of aqueous battery and the earth abundant elements of nonmetallic charge carrier would serve as a competitive energy storage candidate to meet safe and cheap application requirements, such as newly‐boosting wearable and flexible battery, grid‐level stationary application. [ 6,11,12 ] Thus, inspired by the outstanding performance, it is promising to develop batteries based on charge carriers as nonmetallic cations.…”

Water in Rechargeable Multivalent‐Ion Batteries: An Electrochemical Pandora's Box

“…On the other hand, an interesting report on manganese–hydrogen batteries demonstrated the use of hydrogen gas as a viable anode active material, that is, through compartmentalized pressurization, H 2 could be maintained in solution (the Henry law) and redox coupled with the electrodeposition/stripping of electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) . This feat inspires a novel approach for fabricating metal–air batteries, with gaseous molecules as the cathodically active material, for example, O 2 , Cl 2 , and F 2 .…”

“…On a per ion basis, this would be a charge vector superior to that of elemental lithium . Indeed, transposing concepts from the aqueous lithium system to other water‐based chemistries, recent reports have demonstrated remarkable breakthroughs with heavier elements, for example, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Rb/Tl, and V . We aim to contribute insights to push these further, by focusing on low‐cost, multivalent‐ion (Mg, Ca, Zn, Al) battery development from an electrolyte point of view.…”

“…However, because stored electrochemical energy is released as ap roduct of voltage, current, and time, and the voltage stability of free water is severely limited, aqueous batteries inspire efforts to achieve high-energyb atteries by drastically increasing charge capacitya tm oderate voltages, rathert han by creating > 5V cell systems.One methodi st or eplacet he monovalent-ion shuttlew ith a multivalent-ion shuttle to effect multiple electron-transfer events per ion crossover.O naper ion basis, this would be a charge vector superior to that of elemental lithium. [7] Indeed, transposing concepts from the aqueous lithium system to other water-based chemistries, recent reports have demonstrated remarkable breakthroughs with heaviere lements, for example, Na, [8] Mg, [9] Al, [10] K, [11] Ca, [12] Cu, [13] Fe, [14] Zn, [15] Mn, [16] Rb/Tl, [17] and V. [18] We aim to contribute insights to push these [a] Dr.…”