A manual and portable centrifuge combined with a paper-based immunoassay for myocardial infarction diagnosis

Simplifying the complex: accessible microfluidic solutions for contemporary processes within in vitro diagnostics

“…44–46 For more complex samples, such as whole blood, a centrifugation step is often employed to separate the target from the matrix. 47–50…”

Progress, Opportunities, and Challenges of Troponin Analysis in the Early Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Diseases

“…Specifically, the target protein is first captured by antibody 1, and the second enzyme linked antibody binds the target at a different domain and forms a sandwich complex, thus generating a color change which can be used to determine the analyte quantitatively . A color change can be generated by an enzyme which can initiate a chemiluminometric signal, for example, horseradish HRP. − Alternatively, recently some other signaling molecules have also been explored, including ALP, dopamine . tyrosinase, curcumin (CUR), p -aminoethyl-phenyl phosphate disodium salt, o -phenylenediamine, , m -hydroxyphenyl phosphate sodium salt, and so on.…”

Music Box-Inspired Semi-Automatic Hematocrit Validation Device

“…24 Moreover, in our previous studies, we used a fidget spinner to provide the continuous centrifugal force with just the flick of a finger, 25 and we also developed a Handfuge (based on the hand fan), which centrifuged and measured troponin I by simply turning the handle manually. 26 However, the above-mentioned centrifuges were powered by continuous manual operation, which results in great variability depending on the user, making the centrifugal outcome inconsistent. Therefore, an electricity-free centrifuge with consistent separation efficiency is needed for effective blood plasma separation and following biomedical tests.…”

“…Another example is a high-speed, paper-based centrifuge for blood separation in just 1.5 min to follow malaria parasite detection . Moreover, in our previous studies, we used a fidget spinner to provide the continuous centrifugal force with just the flick of a finger, and we also developed a Handfuge (based on the hand fan), which centrifuged and measured troponin I by simply turning the handle manually . However, the above-mentioned centrifuges were powered by continuous manual operation, which results in great variability depending on the user, making the centrifugal outcome inconsistent.…”

“…To eliminate the electricity, lower the cost, and reduce the required blood volume of the required blood sample, many hand-powered centrifuges are designed to replace traditional centrifuges for on-site clinical practice. − For instance, researchers used a common eggbeater to trigger centrifugation . Another example is a high-speed, paper-based centrifuge for blood separation in just 1.5 min to follow malaria parasite detection .…”