A manual of veterinary hygiene

Effects of season and diet on tensile strength and mineral content of the equine hoof wall

“…Although % moisture in the hoof wall has long been considered an inc ication and predictor of hoof health (e.g. Smith 1921;Lambert 1966), it was not statistically associated with the strength or mineral measures in our study. This may be a function of the relatively narrow range of values in our study (coefficients of variation were 412%).…”

Genetic and management factors that influence the susceptibility of cattle toMycobacterium bovisinfection

“…Despite the assertion by King et al (1999) that transmission of infection is more likely at pasture, the authors of books on cattle in the first half of the last century, when bovine tuberculosis was endemic, did not doubt that transmission between cattle was much more likely indoors than at pasture (Smith, 1905;Garner, 1946;Francis, 1947). However, at that time the disease would normally have progressed to a more infectious state than today, when there is regular tuberculin testing.…”

“…It has a wide range of both target organs (lungs, gastrointestinal tract, mammary gland, kidney and reproductive organs) and mammalian hosts. Bovine tuberculosis was recognized as a significant problem in cattle production in the early part of the last century (Smith, 1905) and probably existed long before that. In the 1920s, a control strategy was initiated in the UK, which included cattle testing and slaughter of reactor cattle combined with the following management regulations (Fishwick, 1952): (i) 'Double fencing of attested farms to ensure adequate isolation from non-tested cattle'; (ii) 'Movement of attested cattle to shows or sales governed by movement permits issued by local Veterinary Officer of the Ministry of Agriculture'; (iii) 'Only attested cattle introduced directly into attested herds without being isolated (if from nontested herds they had to be tested after isolation for not less than 60 days)'.…”

Pioneers in the Victorian provinces: veterinarians, public health and the urban animal economy

“…In¯uenced by continental practices, the British Army had adopted à hygienic' approach to stable management in the later eighteenth century. 30 In the years that followed, army veterinarians contributed a number of notable monographs on the care of the horse, such as John Stewart's Stable Economy (1838), and Frederick Fitzwygram's Horses and Stables (1869), a popular treatise that had run to four editions by 1894. A turning point came in 1875, with the publication of George Fleming's Manual of Veterinary Sanitary Science and Police, a volume which drew signi®cantly on continental veterinary practices, and cited a range of continental writings on the idea of veterinary police.…”

“…54 As a result, the Board transferred the duties of dairy cattle inspection to the medical of®cers of health ± an action which outraged the veterinary community, but which was consistent with the belief that human health and disease were matters for the medical profession alone. 55 This state of affairs persisted for something over a decade, until public concerns over the transmissibility of bovine tuberculosis to man were brought to a head following the ®rst report of the Royal Commission on Tuberculosis in 1898. Doctors and veterinarians both in England and on the continent had expended considerable energy in the years since 1875 in debating the likelihood of such a transmission, but the Royal Commission ®nally came up with clear experimental evidence that milk from cows with tuberculosis of the udder could and did transmit the disease.…”