A Markov-Chain-Based Availability Model of Offshore Wind Turbine Considering Accessibility Problems

Huang, Lingling; Fu, Yang; Mi, Yang; Cao, Jialin; Wang, Peng

doi:10.1109/tste.2017.2695661

Cited by 33 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The OWF reliability assessment uses two basic techniques-(a) analytical methods, and (b) chronological simulation methods. The analytical methods such as Reliability Block Diagrams (RBDs) [33], Markov processes [34], capacity outage probability tables (COPT) [35], and methods, based on the minimal spanning tree technique [23] were used to evaluate the reliability of OWFs in the literature. The chronological simulation technique called Monte Carlo simulation (MCM) is also a widely used method in the literature [36,37].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability and Economic Evaluation of Offshore Wind Power DC Collection Systems

et al. 2021

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One key directive to realize the global transition towards net-zero emission goals is to integrate more renewable energy resources into the generation mix. Due to higher and more consistent wind speeds, offshore wind farms (OWFs) have the potential to generate more energy at a steadier rate than their onshore counterpart. However, at the collection system level, all the OWFs use alternating current (AC) technology at present. Nonetheless, with an increasing capacity of the single wind turbine (WT) and larger distances to the shore, the use of direct current (DC) technology at the collection system level is beneficial. To select a suitable DC collection system topology, this paper proposes a comprehensive analytical reliability evaluation method, based on the Universal Generating Function technique, together with associated economic factors. Four candidates DC collection system options were evaluated with different WT capacities for a 400 MW OWF. The availability indices such as Generation Ratio Availability and Expected Energy Not Supplied were used to assess their reliability levels. The results show that the radial topology with a single platform DC/DC converter is more reliable and economical than the other candidate options.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability and Economic Evaluation of Offshore Wind Power DC Collection Systems

et al. 2021

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“…With MatMs Equation (2) through Equation (6), the Remaining Useful Life (RUL), Mean Time To Failure (MTTF) and Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) can be obtained, in addition to deriving the availability [68], which is another method of measuring the reliability and one of the main wind industry indicators, as it allows knowing the time that the wind turbines could operate and the theoretical amount of energy that could be generated. The importance of the availability has made it the subject of many studies and MatM proposals for its determination and optimization [71][72][73]. The model for determining the COE is a function of the availability and the O&M costs [15].…”

Section: Maintenance Types and Associated Mathematical Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the stochastic behavior of the weather, the difficult accessibility conditions and the constraints on the maintenance resources, study [71] uses Markov chains for modeling the corrective maintenance and its impact on the turbine availability of an offshore WF. The transition between the three states assumed by the model is obtained through an algorithm based on a Poisson process.…”

Section: Maintenance Models Based On Markov Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maintenance Models Applied to Wind Turbines. A Comprehensive Overview

et al. 2019

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Wind power generation has been the fastest-growing energy alternative in recent years, however, it still has to compete with cheaper fossil energy sources. This is one of the motivations to constantly improve the efficiency of wind turbines and develop new Operation and Maintenance (O&M) methodologies. The decisions regarding O&M are based on different types of models, which cover a wide range of scenarios and variables and share the same goal, which is to minimize the Cost of Energy (COE) and maximize the profitability of a wind farm (WF). In this context, this review aims to identify and classify, from a comprehensive perspective, the different types of models used at the strategic, tactical, and operational decision levels of wind turbine maintenance, emphasizing mathematical models (MatMs). The investigation allows the conclusion that even though the evolution of the models and methodologies is ongoing, decision making in all the areas of the wind industry is currently based on artificial intelligence and machine learning models.

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“…In this paper, the wear process of a bearing infected was modeled as a continuous degenerative process that obeys the Gamma distribution [29]. The Markov chain [5] was utilized to estimate the states of bearing in different stages. Combining the physical state and service time of bearing, the failure rates of a WT can be further estimated for system reliability evaluation.…”

Section: Long-term Imperfect Attack Of Wind Turbinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…To quantify the availability and relationship of the cyber-physical effects [3] of a wind farm, a multi-state Markov model [4,5] was broadly applied. Furthermore, graphical methods were developed for a better expression of the cyber-physical relationship, such as the stochastic Petri net [6], the Bayesian network [7], the complex network [8], and the attack tree [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power Grid Reliability Evaluation Considering Wind Farm Cyber Security and Ramping Events

Liu

et al. 2019

Applied Sciences

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The cybersecurity of wind farms is an increasing concern in recent years, and its impacts on the power system reliability have not been fully studied. In this paper, the pressing issues of wind farms, including cybersecurity and wind power ramping events (WPRs) are incorporated into a new reliability evaluation approach. Cyber–physical failures like the instantaneous failure and longtime fatigue of wind turbines are considered in the reliability evaluation. The tripping attack is modeled in a bilevel optimal power flow model which aims to maximize the load shedding on the system’s vulnerable moment. The time-varying failure rate of wind turbine is approximated by Weibull distribution which incorporates the service time and remaining life of wind turbine. Various system defense capacities and penetration rates of wind power are simulated on the typical reliability test system. The comparative and sensitive analyses show that power system reliability is challenged by the cybersecurity of wind farms, especially when the installed capacity of wind power continues to rise. The timely patching of network vulnerabilities and the life management of wind turbines are important measures to ensure the cyber–physical security of wind farms.

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A Markov-Chain-Based Availability Model of Offshore Wind Turbine Considering Accessibility Problems

Cited by 33 publications

References 19 publications

Reliability and Economic Evaluation of Offshore Wind Power DC Collection Systems

Reliability and Economic Evaluation of Offshore Wind Power DC Collection Systems

Maintenance Models Applied to Wind Turbines. A Comprehensive Overview

Power Grid Reliability Evaluation Considering Wind Farm Cyber Security and Ramping Events

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