A massively connected subthalamic nucleus leads to the generation of widespread pulses

Gillies, Andrew; Willshaw, David

doi:10.1098/rspb.1998.0546

Cited by 56 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…11). The parafascicular thalamic nucleus probably plays a critical role in this function, because it receives input from the SC and projects to the subthalamic nucleus, a site that provides widespread excitatory input to the inhibitory basal ganglia output channels represented in the substantia nigra and the internal globus pallidus/entopeduncular nucleus (Mouroux and Feger, 1993;Gillies and Willshaw, 1998;Redgrave et al, 1999). A short latency, excitatory input relayed from the SC to the parafascicular nucleus and on to the subthalamus would have the effect of closing currently disinhibited channels in the basal ganglia output nuclei (Chevalier and Deniau, 1990).…”

Section: Functional Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superior colliculus projections to midline and intralaminar thalamic nuclei of the rat

Krout¹,

Loewy²,

Westby³

et al. 2001

J. Comp. Neurol.

129

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The superior colliculus (SC) projections to the midline and intralaminar thalamic nuclei were examined in the rat. The retrograde tracer cholera toxin beta (CTb) was injected into one of the midline thalamic nuclei-paraventricular, intermediodorsal, rhomboid, reuniens, submedius, mediodorsal, paratenial, anteroventral, caudal ventromedial, or parvicellular part of the ventral posteriomedial nucleus-or into one of the intralaminar thalamic nuclei-medial parafascicular, lateral parafascicular, central medial, paracentral, oval paracentral, or central lateral nucleus. After 10-14 days, the brains from these animals were processed histochemically, and the retrogradely labeled neurons in the SC were mapped. The lateral sector of the intermediate gray and white layers of the SC send axonal projections to the medial and lateral parafascicular, central lateral, paracentral, central medial, rhomboid, reuniens, and submedius nuclei. The medial sector of the intermediate and deep SC layers project to the parafascicular and central lateral thalamic nuclei. The paraventricular thalamic nucleus is innervated almost exclusively by the medial sectors of the deep SC layers. The superficial gray and optic layers of the SC do not project to any of these thalamic areas. The discussion focuses on the role these SC-thalamic inputs may have on forebrain circuits controlling orienting and defense (i.e., fight-or-flight) reactions.

show abstract

Section: Functional Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superior colliculus projections to midline and intralaminar thalamic nuclei of the rat

Krout¹,

Loewy²,

Westby³

et al. 2001

J. Comp. Neurol.

129

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…If so, this would provide a mechanistic basis for why unexpected events lead to disruptions of ongoing cognitive processing (Escera et al, 1998; Schröger and de Fockert et al, 2004). While such effects are often explained by attentional reorienting, as indexed by an enlarged P3a-ERP (Courchesne et al, 1975;Ranganath and Rainer, 2003;Polich, 2007), our study provides an elaboration; this attentional reorienting could be underpinned by a global inhibitory signal induced by the unexpected event, which then affects ongoing cognitive processing.…”

Section: Why Unexpected Events Produce Distractibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the laboratory, motor slowing following unexpected events is a ubiquitous finding. It occurs after unexpected perceptual events (hereafter referred to as "novels"; Barcelo et al, 2006;Parmentier et al, 2008;Vachon et al, 2012), action errors (Rabbitt, 1966;Laming, 1979;Debener et al, 2005;Jentzsch and Dudschig, 2009;Eichele et al, 2010;King et al, 2010;Logan and Crump, 2010), unexpected action effects (Gentsch et al, 2009;Wessel et al, 2012), and reward prediction errors (Cavanagh et al, 2010). Given the pervasiveness of such motor slowing, there is considerable interest in the underlying mechanism(s) (Marco-Pallarés et al, 2008;Notebaert et al, 2009;Danielmeier and Ullsperger, 2011;Parmentier et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unexpected Events Induce Motor Slowing via a Brain Mechanism for Action-Stopping with Global Suppressive Effects

2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

When an unexpected event occurs in everyday life (e.g., a car honking), one experiences a slowing down of ongoing action (e.g., of walking into the street). Motor slowing following unexpected events is a ubiquitous phenomenon, both in laboratory experiments as well as such everyday situations, yet the underlying mechanism is unknown. We hypothesized that unexpected events recruit the same inhibition network in the brain as does complete cancellation of an action (i.e., action-stopping). Using electroencephalography and independent component analysis in humans, we show that a brain signature of successful outright action-stopping also exhibits activity following unexpected events, and more so in blocks with greater motor slowing. Further, using transcranial magnetic stimulation to measure corticospinal excitability, we show that an unexpected event has a global motor suppressive effect, just like outright action-stopping. Thus, unexpected events recruit a common mechanism with outright action-stopping, moreover with global suppressive effects. These findings imply that we can now leverage the considerable extant knowledge of the neural architecture and functional properties of the stopping system to better understand the processing of unexpected events, including perhaps how they induce distraction via global suppression.

show abstract

“…For example, only the models of Wickens et al 33 capture detailed anatomy within a single nuclei. Recent models of the STN and GPe 16,43 have demonstrated that the anatomic arrangements within a nucleus can be crucial to how the nucleus operates within the basal ganglia as a whole. Models of lateral connectivity within the STN demonstrate that this can functionally lead to widespread switch-like behavior across the nucleus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational models of the basal ganglia

Gillies

Arbuthnott

2000

Mov. Disord.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Computer simulation studies and mathematical analysis of models of the basal ganglia are being used increasingly to explore theories of basal ganglia function. We review the implications of these new models for a general understanding of basal ganglia function in normal as well as in diseased brains. The focus is on their functional similarities rather than on the details of mathematical methodologies and simulation techniques. Most of the models suggest a vital role for the basal ganglia in learning. Although this interest in learning is partly driven by experimental results associating the acute firing of dopamine cells with reward prediction in monkeys, some of the models have preceded the electrophysiological results. Another common theme of the models is selection. In this case, the striatum is seen as detecting and selecting cortical contexts for access to basal ganglia output. Although the behavioral consequences of this selection are hard to define, the models provide frameworks within which to explore these ideas empirically. This provides a means of refining our understanding of basal ganglia function and to consider dysfunction within the new logical frameworks.

show abstract

A massively connected subthalamic nucleus leads to the generation of widespread pulses

Cited by 56 publications

References 43 publications

Superior colliculus projections to midline and intralaminar thalamic nuclei of the rat

Superior colliculus projections to midline and intralaminar thalamic nuclei of the rat

Unexpected Events Induce Motor Slowing via a Brain Mechanism for Action-Stopping with Global Suppressive Effects

Computational models of the basal ganglia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About