A matching method for improving covariate balance in cost‐effectiveness analyses

Sekhon, Jasjeet S.; Grieve, Richard

doi:10.1002/hec.1748

Cited by 99 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Each of the three "likely" response categories has more treatment participants than control, and each "unlikely" category has more control group participants than treatment. One should consider that it is one thing for viewers to "learn" that a conspiracy scenario might be likely 9 We also used genetic matching as a check on the robustness of our results (Sekhon & Grieve, 2011;Sekhon & Diamond, Forthcoming). Using one-to-one matching, we matched subjects by partisan identification, ideology, race, sex, and political knowledge, and then examined the effect of having watched WTD on our two dependent variables.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Implications of Fictional Media for Political Beliefs

Mulligan

Habel

2012

American Politics Research

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Most research on media effects in political science deals with the news media or political campaigns. While some recent work looks at the effects of soft news on beliefs and opinions, little attention has been paid to the potential consequences of media that are fictional. Although viewers typically watch fiction for entertainment, the themes, plots, and dialogue may nevertheless influence their thoughts about politics. This paper examines the effects of fiction on political beliefs. We do this in the context of an experimental design, where subjects in the treatment group watched the outlandish movie, Wag the Dog. The results show that those who watched the film were more likely to believe in a far-fetched conspiracy, namely that the U.S. government has and will fabricate a war for political gain. The findings stretch the boundaries of fictional influence by focusing on extreme, conspiratorial beliefs. We suggest that political science and communications scholars should focus greater attention on the implications of fiction for beliefs and attitudes, as the consequences can be perverse.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Implications of Fictional Media for Political Beliefs

Mulligan

Habel

2012

American Politics Research

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“…However, if the propensity score is mis-specified, the covariates in the matched sample will be imbalanced, which can lead to a conditional bias. Therefore, a third, more recently developed approach, uses an evolutionary search algorithm to directly maximize covariate balance between exposed individuals and matched controls [75]. It does not depend on knowing or estimating a propensity score.…”

Section: C Secondary Use Of Patient Data For Evaluation Of Health Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary Use and Analysis of Big Data Collected for Patient Care

Martín-Sánchez¹,

Aguiar-Pulido²,

Lopez-Campos³

et al. 2017

Yearb Med Inform

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SummaryObjectives: To identify common methodological challenges and review relevant initiatives related to the re-use of patient data collected in routine clinical care, as well as to analyze the economic benefits derived from the secondary use of this data. Through the use of several examples, this article aims to provide a glimpse into the different areas of application, namely clinical research, genomic research, study of environmental factors, and population and health services research. This paper describes some of the informatics methods and Big Data resources developed in this context, such as electronic phenotyping, clinical research networks, biorepositories, screening data banks, and wide association studies. Lastly, some of the potential limitations of these approaches are discussed, focusing on confounding factors and data quality. Methods: A series of literature searches in main bibliographic databases have been conducted in order to assess the extent to which existing patient data has been repurposed for research. This contribution from the IMIA working group on "Data mining and Big Data analytics" focuses on the literature published during the last two years, covering the timeframe since the working group's last survey. Results and Conclusions: Although most of the examples of secondary use of patient data lie in the arena of clinical and health services research, we have started to witness other important applications, particularly in the area of genomic research and the study of health effects of environmental factors. Further research is needed to characterize the economic impact of secondary use across the broad spectrum of translational research.

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“…130 However, the use of appropriate statistical methods to deal with this type of bias is recommended to estimate particular cost-effectiveness information using observational data (e.g. transition probabilities, costs associated to a health state, utility decrements) that can be synthesised alongside other sources of data in a decision economic model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…transition probabilities, costs associated to a health state, utility decrements) that can be synthesised alongside other sources of data in a decision economic model. [130][131][132] The aim of this workstream was to conduct a cost-utility analysis of second-line interventions for PPH using a decision-analytic model that synthesised effectiveness data from the national cohort UKOSS study, cost data obtained through interviews and the literature, and health-related quality-of-life information extracted from the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond maternal death: improving the quality of maternal care through national studies of ‘near-miss’ maternal morbidity

Knight

Acosta

Brocklehurst

et al. 2016

Programme Grants Appl Res

101

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BackgroundStudies of maternal mortality have been shown to result in important improvements to women’s health. It is now recognised that in countries such as the UK, where maternal deaths are rare, the study of near-miss severe maternal morbidity provides additional information to aid disease prevention, treatment and service provision.ObjectivesTo (1) estimate the incidence of specific near-miss morbidities; (2) assess the contribution of existing risk factors to incidence; (3) describe different interventions and their impact on outcomes and costs; (4) identify any groups in which outcomes differ; (5) investigate factors associated with maternal death; (6) compare an external confidential enquiry or a local review approach for investigating quality of care for affected women; and (7) assess the longer-term impacts.MethodsMixed quantitative and qualitative methods including primary national observational studies, database analyses, surveys and case studies overseen by a user advisory group.SettingMaternity units in all four countries of the UK.ParticipantsWomen with near-miss maternal morbidities, their partners and comparison women without severe morbidity.Main outcome measuresThe incidence, risk factors, management and outcomes of uterine rupture, placenta accreta, haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome, severe sepsis, amniotic fluid embolism and pregnancy at advanced maternal age (≥ 48 years at completion of pregnancy); factors associated with progression from severe morbidity to death; associations between severe maternal morbidity and ethnicity and socioeconomic status; lessons for care identified by local and external review; economic evaluation of interventions for management of postpartum haemorrhage (PPH); women’s experiences of near-miss maternal morbidity; long-term outcomes; and models of maternity care commissioned through experience-led and standard approaches.ResultsWomen and their partners reported long-term impacts of near-miss maternal morbidities on their physical and mental health. Older maternal age and caesarean delivery are associated with severe maternal morbidity in both current and future pregnancies. Antibiotic prescription for pregnant or postpartum women with suspected infection does not necessarily prevent progression to severe sepsis, which may be rapidly progressive. Delay in delivery, of up to 48 hours, may be safely undertaken in women with HELLP syndrome in whom there is no fetal compromise. Uterine compression sutures are a cost-effective second-line therapy for PPH. Medical comorbidities are associated with a fivefold increase in the odds of maternal death from direct pregnancy complications. External reviews identified more specific clinical messages for care than local reviews. Experience-led commissioning may be used as a way to commission maternity services.LimitationsThis programme used observational studies, some with limited sample size, and the possibility of uncontrolled confounding cannot be excluded.ConclusionsImplementation of the findings of this research could prevent both future severe pregnancy complications as well as improving the outcome of pregnancy for women. One of the clearest findings relates to the population of women with other medical and mental health problems in pregnancy and their risk of severe morbidity. Further research into models of pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and postnatal care is clearly needed.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Programme Grants for Applied Research programme.

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A matching method for improving covariate balance in cost‐effectiveness analyses

Cited by 99 publications

References 84 publications

The Implications of Fictional Media for Political Beliefs

The Implications of Fictional Media for Political Beliefs

Secondary Use and Analysis of Big Data Collected for Patient Care

Beyond maternal death: improving the quality of maternal care through national studies of ‘near-miss’ maternal morbidity

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