A Mathematical Model for Reactions During Top-Blowing in the AOD Process: Derivation of the Model

Visuri, Ville‐Valtteri; Järvinen, Mika; Kärnä, Aki; Sulasalmi, Petri; Heikkinen, Eetu‐Pekka; Kupari, Pentti; Fabritius, Timo

doi:10.1007/s11663-017-0960-6

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…The injection of oxygen both from top‐lances and tuyeres underneath the bath surface is a significant part of the BOF, VOD, and AOD processes. The description of the gas–liquid interface itself and the formation of slag droplets carried into the metal phase and vice versa found in many process models for the AOD, [ 152,153 ] VOD, [ 154 ] BOF, [ 134 ] and CAS‐OB [ 155,156 ] is more detailed than what is implemented in those for the EAF. The impact of the injection of gases and solids on mixing and reaction kinetics has also been studied thoroughly through physical models and CFD modeling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Mathematical Process Models for the Electric Arc Furnace Process

Hay

Visuri

Aula

et al. 2020

steel research int.

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The electric arc furnace is the main process unit in scrap‐based steelmaking. Owing to its importance, numerous mathematical models for predicting the course of the electric arc furnace process have been developed. This article reviews mathematical process models proposed in the literature, identifying the most common modeling approaches, and uses mathematical descriptions for the main phenomena. Furthermore, the validation of such models is discussed in detail. Finally, the article identifies gaps in the existing knowledge and provides suggestions for the further development of mathematical process models.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Mathematical Process Models for the Electric Arc Furnace Process

Hay

Visuri

Aula

et al. 2020

steel research int.

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“…The assumption of local chemical equilibrium at the reaction surface is verified during the calculation by comparing the reaction quotient to the equilibrium constant. The iterations are continued at each step time until K / Q equals unity with a low tolerance . Q is the reaction quotient

Q = \frac{\prod_{i} a_{i}^{ν_{i}}}{\prod_{j} a_{j}^{ν_{j}}},

where i denotes products, j reactants, and v is the stoichiometric coefficient.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Improved Model for the Heat‐Up Stage of the CAS‐OB Process: Development and Validation

Kärnä

Järvinen²,

Sulasalmi

et al. 2018

steel research int.

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A medium carbon alloy steel with a strength of 2.0GPa is obtained by a novel multi-step process. This is attributed to a synergistic multi-phase strengthening effect. The SEM micrograph of the tensile fracture surface exhibits a mixed mode of quasi-cleavage and dimple rupture, which confi rms the high strength obtained. Further details can be found in the article, number 1800207, by Cheng Liu and co-workers.

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“…Making use of the scientific basis established by the previous models, this model aims to provide more insight into the dynamics of the AOD process during gas injection from the top lance. The description of the model was presented in the first part of this paper [14] , while this second part focuses on the validation of the model and presents preliminary results.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As explained in the preceding part of this work [14] , the metal droplet generation rate (̇m d ) in the splashing cavity mode is calculated according to the correlation proposed by Rout et al [26] ̇m ḋ…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

A Mathematical Model for Reactions During Top-Blowing in the AOD Process: Validation and Results

Visuri

Järvinen

Kärnä

et al. 2017

Metall Mater Trans B

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In earlier work, a fundamental mathematical model was proposed for side-blowing operation in the argon-oxygen decarburization (AOD) process. In the preceding part "Derivation of the Model", a new mathematical model was proposed for reactions during top-blowing in the AOD process. In this model it was assumed that reactions occur simultaneously at the surface of the cavity caused by the gas jet and at the surface of the metal droplets ejected from the steel bath. This paper presents validation and preliminary results with twelve industrial heats. In the studied heats, the last combinedblowing stage was altered so that oxygen was introduced from the top lance only. Four heats were conducted using an oxygen-nitrogen mixture (1:1), while eight heats were conducted with pure oxygen. Simultaneously, nitrogen or argon gas was blown via tuyères in order to provide mixing that is comparable to regular practice. The measured carbon content varied from 0.4-0.5 wt-% before the studied stage to 0.1-0.2 wt-% after the studied stage. The results suggest that the model is capable of predicting changes in steel bath composition and temperature with a reasonably high degree of accuracy. The calculations indicate that the top slag may supply oxygen for decarburization during top-blowing. Furthermore, it is postulated that the metal droplets generated by the shear stress of topblowing create a large mass exchange area, which plays an important role in enabling the high decarburization rates observed during top-blowing in the AOD process. The overall rate of decarburization attributable to top-blowing in the last combined-blowing stage was found to be limited by the mass transfer of dissolved carbon.

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A Mathematical Model for Reactions During Top-Blowing in the AOD Process: Derivation of the Model

Cited by 12 publications

References 89 publications

A Review of Mathematical Process Models for the Electric Arc Furnace Process

A Review of Mathematical Process Models for the Electric Arc Furnace Process

An Improved Model for the Heat‐Up Stage of the CAS‐OB Process: Development and Validation

A Mathematical Model for Reactions During Top-Blowing in the AOD Process: Validation and Results

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