A mathematical model of the nickel converter: Part I. Model development and verification

Kyllo, A. K.; Richards, G. G.

doi:10.1007/bf02652480

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…These included air rate, oxygen enrichment, and oxygen efficiency (Kyllo, Richards, and Marcuson 1992). The work concluded that 'major improvements in PSC productivity would only come by way of improvement in operating procedures and/or increases in oxygen blowing rate (Kyllo and Richards 1991). Liquid phase mass transport can vary significantly with the structure of the molten phase, which in the case of the molten oxide slag phase depends on the ratio of the network-forming silica to network breaking metal-oxides such as FeO.…”

Section: Kinetics and Oxygen Enrichmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Like the Bessemer Converter, the PSC is a gas–liquid contacting system. Kyllo (Kyllo and Richards 1991) constructed an equilibrium model for the nickel PSC, and compared the results with industrial operations data. Plant data included bath temperatures and matte assays.…”

Section: Kinetics and Oxygen Enrichmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plant data included bath temperatures and matte assays. Divergence between model and plant data, for portions of a charge, suggested that the process was under gas phase mass transport control during first blows, and under liquid phase mass transport control toward the end of a charge (Kyllo and Richards 1991). An analysis of these results showed that a limited set of variables had a significant effect on operation, related to the availability of oxygen for reaction.…”

Section: Kinetics and Oxygen Enrichmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Ni-converter – an historic perspective

Rozelle¹,

Sridhar

Queneau

et al. 2018

Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy

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Section: Kinetics and Oxygen Enrichmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Kinetics and Oxygen Enrichmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Kinetics and Oxygen Enrichmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Ni-converter – an historic perspective

Rozelle¹,

Sridhar

Queneau

et al. 2018

Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy

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“…A mathematical model of the nickel converter was also presented by Kyllo and Richards [7,8]. The primary assumption of the model was that the three phases in the converter were in thermal and chemical equilibrium.…”

Section: N Aminizadeh and S H Mansourimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The agreement between calculated and the measured compositions was fairly good. However, some researchers believe that the leakage from tuyeres occurs in the converter cycle and this can cause the converter operations not to achieve high oxygen efficiency and hence the measured oxygen efficiency values are over estimated, although this value varies with time in the converter cycle [7]. The air rate during a single blow varies and the constant rate assumption can cause error in the model predictions.…”

Section: Model Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermo-chemical model of the Pierce-Smith copper converter

Aminizadeh

Mansouri

2007

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E:

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A thermo-chemical model of the Pierce-Smith copper converter has been developed to predict the melt temperature. The primary assumption of the model was that all the matte, the slag, and the gaseous phases in the converter were in thermal and chemical equilibrium. In this model, the matte components considered were copper, iron, and sulphur elements. In the slagmaking stage, all the reacted iron was converted to fayalite. On the basis of the model prediction and comparison with the plant data, the reaction rates of iron and oxygen in the slag-making stage and sulphur and oxygen in the blowing copper stage were assumed to be mixing controlled. The converter temperature was calculated by heat balance over time. The model was validated by detailed comparisons with measured industrial data. Good agreements between predicted and measured data were obtained. The results of parametric studies show that the melt temperature in the converter depends on the process parameters such as oxygen efficiency, melt emissivity, and oxygen enrichment. The results of this research can be used for process automation and optimizing.

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