A mathematical model on adjacent smoke filling involved sprinkler cooling to a smoke layer

Computational analysis on the performance of smoke exhaust systems in small vestibules of high-rise buildings

“…Sierra, Rubio-Romero and Gámez (2012) conducted research which analysed the status of fire precaution systems and involved visits to a total of 146 hotels during 2004 in Spain. Some studies have discussed the performance of fire safety equipment in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) (Chow and Chow 2009;Li, Chen and Li 2011;Su et al 2011). In the fire situations, the speedy evacuation of personnel is necessary, and because of the often significant distance to the ground access to escape modes with separate fire divisions is required.…”

How domes improve fire safety in subway stations

“…Li et al (2011), for example, investigated natural smoke filling under a variety of architectural spaces and developed a mathematical model for a smoke layer. Chow et al (2001) studied natural smoke filling experimentally in an atrium with a size of 24 m  12 m  27 m. Huo et al (2005) conducted a set of experiments on natural smoke filling in a cubic atrium to determine the height of the smoke layer in the event of a fire.…”

Numerical study of water spray interaction with fire plume in dual chambers connected to tall shaft

“…The water droplets injected at high velocity with large Volume Median Diameter (VMD) increase the thickness of hot smoke layer. Mathematical models [18,19] were developed to estimate the influence of droplet drag force in affecting the buoyancy driven smoke layer and were validated against experimental data. Similar studies [20,21] were reported to evaluate heat loss from smoke to water particles by correlating empirical relations with experimental predictions.…”