A measurement of the energy loss spectrum of 150 GeV muons in iron

Abstract

The energy loss spectrum of 150 GeV muons has been measured with a prototype of the ATLAS hadron calorimeter in the H8 beam of the CERN SPS. The differential probability dP/d upsilon per radiation length of a fractional energy loss upsilon = Delta E(mu)E(upsilon) has been measured in the range upsilon = 0.01 divided by 0.95; it is compared with the theoretical predictions for energy losses due to bremsstrahlung and production of electron-positron pairs or of energetic knock-on electrons. The integrated probability integral(0.01)(0.95)(dP/d upsilon)d upsilon is (1.610 +/- 0.015(stat) +/- 0.105(syst)). 10(-3) in agreement with the theoretical predictions 1.556 . 10(-3) and 1.619 . 10(-3). Agreement with theory is also found in two intervals of upsilon where production of electron-positron pairs and knock-on electrons dominates. In the region of bremsstrahlung dominance (upsilon = 0.12 divided by 0.95) the measured integrated probability (1.160 +/- 0.040(stat) +/- 0.075(syst)). 10(-4) is in agreement with the theoretical value of 1.185 . 10(-4), obtained using the Petrukhin and Shestakov description of the bremsstrahlung process. The same result is about 3.6 standard deviations (defined as the quadratic sum of statistical and systematic errors) lower than the theoretical prediction of 1.472 . 10(-4) obtained using Tsai's description of bremsstrahlung

Early Functional Status After Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease: A Single-Center Retrospective Study*

“…The use of functional scores as outcomes has been increasing in recent years as overall mortality has dropped. FSS itself has been applied to various pediatric populations, including those with traumatic brain injury, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation survivors, and patients discharging from the pediatric ICU (20,22,23) and has been briefly described in patients with CHD in two previous studies (5,17). We identified new morbidities in 4.6% of patients, which is consistent with the findings of both Berger et al ( 5) and Pollack et al (17).…”

“…With increased survival rates (5)(6)(7), attention has increasingly shifted to the assessment of mid-and long-term morbidities (1,(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). However, assessments limited to motor or intelligence quotient do not inform us of the impact of impairments on overall function (i.e., the ability to carry out dayto-day tasks and activities expected for a patient's given age) (10,(13)(14)(15).…”

“…Investigation into overall functional status of children following open-heart surgery for CHD has been limited (5,16). Previous investigations into functional statuses of critically ill children have been performed with a validated scoring system called the Functional Status Scale (FSS) (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23).…”

“…Previous investigations into functional statuses of critically ill children have been performed with a validated scoring system called the Functional Status Scale (FSS) (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23). There have been previous reports looking at FSS in this population, with one study looking broadly in pediatric intensive care (17), including 755 patients who had undergone cardiac surgery, and another study using FSS as a marker for morbidity in pediatric cardiac surgery (5). To date, there have been no studies that focused on describing the change in functional outcomes in this specific population along with potential associations of risk factors by comparing admission with discharge FSS.…”

Searching for muonic forces with the ATLAS detector

“…This resolution function includes hard photon radiation and possible subsequent hadronization effects mentioned in [15] as well as catastrophic energy losses. These effects are well modeled in the full-detector simulation used by the ATLAS based on GEANT [42], as validated by dedicated test-beam campaigns, see e.g., [43,44] and in situ [25]. The expected background ρ distributions, R, for each of the above cases are plotted in Fig.…”