A mechanical model of wing and theoretical estimate of taper factor for three gliding birds

Zahedi, Moosarreza Shamsyeh; Khan, Mir Yaseen Ali

doi:10.1007/s12038-007-0034-z

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Nonetheless, once our knowledge about applying accelerometers improves, the high‐resolution time and energy data they will likely provide will be valuable for comparative studies between bird species (Prinzinger et al 2002, Zahedi and Khan 2007). Furthermore, such data may be useful for conservation physiologists (Wikelski and Cooke 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recording raptor behavior on the wing via accelerometry

Halsey

Portugal

Smith

et al. 2009

Journal of Field Ornithology

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Measuring body movements using accelerometry data loggers is a relatively new technique, the full applicability of which has yet to be tested on volant birds. Our study illustrates the potential of accelerometry for research on large birds by using the technique to record the behavior of three species of raptors, mainly during flight. A tri‐axial accelerometer was deployed on a trained Harris’ Hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus), Tawny Eagle (Aquila rapax), and Griffon Vulture (Gyps fulvus). Comparison of flight‐related variables calculated from video footage and that estimated from the acceleration data showed that the latter provided considerable and accurate information (usually <10% error) about the behavior of the birds, including wing‐beat frequency and when they glided and flapped. Acceleration data permitted tentative comparisons of relative movement‐specific rates of energy expenditure for the Griffon Vulture flying up versus flying down a small hill. The accelerometry data appeared to suggest, as expected, that the Griffon Vulture expended more energy flying uphill than flying back down. Our preliminary findings indicate that studies using accelerometers can likely provide information about the detailed time–energy budgets of large birds. Such information would aid in comparative analyses of behavior and energetics, and may also enhance efforts to conserve declining bird populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recording raptor behavior on the wing via accelerometry

Halsey

Portugal

Smith

et al. 2009

Journal of Field Ornithology

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“…The soaring flight is a type of gliding in which both wings stop flapping and are stretched out; however, the lifting force can derive from ascending thermal air, and the thrust derives from gliding to another ascending thermal air or from orographic uplift air. In both gliding and soaring, the energetic cost is very low (Heers et al, 2016; Henningsson & Hedenström, 2011; Pennycuick, 2002; Richardson et al, 2018; Thielicke & Stamhuis, 2018; Zahedi & Khan, 2007). For birds, the main obstacles during flight are the torsional and bending loads, which impact the feathers and transmit these biomechanical loads to the wing bones in different manners depending on the flight style.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between wing bone microstructure and different flight styles: The case of the griffon vulture (gyps fulvus) and greater flamingo (phoenicopterus roseus)

et al. 2021

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Flying is the main means of locomotion for most avian species, and it requires a series of adaptations of the skeleton and of feather distribution on the wing. Flight type is directly associated with the mechanical constraints during flight, which condition both the morphology and microscopic structure of the bones. Three primary flight styles are adopted by avian species: flapping, gliding, and soaring, with different loads among the main wing bones. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cross‐sectional microstructure of the most important skeletal wing bones, humerus, radius, ulna, and carpometacarpus, in griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) and greater flamingos (Phoenicopterus roseus). These two species show a flapping and soaring flight style, respectively. Densitometry, morphology, and laminarity index were assessed from the main bones of the wing of 10 griffon vultures and 10 flamingos. Regarding bone mineral content, griffon vultures generally displayed a higher mineral density than flamingos. Regarding the morphology of the crucial wing bones involved in flight, while a very slightly longer humerus was observed in the radius and ulna of flamingos, the ulna in griffons was clearly longer than other bones. The laminarity index was significantly higher in griffons. The results of the present study highlight how the mechanics of different types of flight may affect the biomechanical properties of the wing bones most engaged during flight.

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“…By observing the wing shape change in raptorsized birds, such as steppe eagle, swift, gull, albatross, etc., biologists have found that the arm wing (inboard section containing the secondary feathers) moves forward with the wrist joint, while the hand wing (outer section of the wing, consisting of the primary feathers) sweeps to the rear. The dihedral angles of the hand and arm wings also show an opposite change pattern [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. The multi-section morphing wing can realize the centroid self-trim compensation during the morphing process by the antisymmetric coordinated deformation of the inner and outer wing sections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability Analysis and Augmentation Design of a Bionic Multi-Section Variable-Sweep-Wing UAV Based on the Centroid Self-Trim Compensation Morphing

Song

et al. 2021

Applied Sciences

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In this study, a design scheme for a high-aspect-ratio bionic multi-section variable-sweep wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that utilizes the reverse coordinated change in the sweep angle of the inner and outer wing sections is proposed, which improves the aerodynamic performance and realizes the self-trim compensation of the wing’s centroid. According to the layout characteristics of this type of UAV, a reasonable distribution design of the wingspan ratio of the inner and outer sections is explored, to reduce the impact of aerodynamic center movement and moment of inertia change. The calculation and analysis results show that the coordinated variable-sweep scheme can significantly improve the influence of sweep angle change on the longitudinal static stability margin of UAVs with a high aspect ratio. The coordinated sweep angle change in the inner and outer wing sections can not only reduce the drag during high-speed flight, but also play a significant role in improving the performance of the aircraft at different stages in the mission profile. Appropriately increasing the wingspan proportion of the inner section can reduce the trim resistance of the V-tail, reduce the thrust of the engine, and increase the range and duration of the UAV. From the perspective of stability change, the multi-section variable-sweep wing UAV with a wingspan ratio of the inner and outer sections that is between 1.41 and 1.78 has better dynamic stability performance. Among them, the UAV with a wingspan ratio of the inner and outer sections that is equal to 1.41 has better longitudinal stability performance, while the UAV with a wingspan ratio of the inner and outer sections that is equal to 1.78 has better lateral/directional stability performance.

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A mechanical model of wing and theoretical estimate of taper factor for three gliding birds

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Recording raptor behavior on the wing via accelerometry

Recording raptor behavior on the wing via accelerometry

Correlation between wing bone microstructure and different flight styles: The case of the griffon vulture (gyps fulvus) and greater flamingo (phoenicopterus roseus)

Stability Analysis and Augmentation Design of a Bionic Multi-Section Variable-Sweep-Wing UAV Based on the Centroid Self-Trim Compensation Morphing

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