A mechanism for halogen release from sea-salt aerosol in the remote marine boundary layer

Vogt, Rainer; Crutzen, Paul J.; Sander, R.

doi:10.1038/383327a0

Cited by 722 publications

(699 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This would allow continuous on-line exchange of reacted and fresh aerosol with the surface ocean; associated chemical processes could then be simulated in a more realistic manner. Second, we plan to add the chemical processes involving C1 activation initiated by HOBr and HOC1 [Vogt et al, 1996]. Although poorly constrained at present, we anticipate that reliable information concerning the pH dependencies of associated reactions and the solubilities of critical species will soon be available.…”

Section: Rapid Uptake Of So2 Is Limited To Alkaline Aerosol In Which mentioning

confidence: 99%

A general circulation model based calculation of HCl and ClNO₂ production from sea salt dechlorination: Reactive Chlorine Emissions Inventory

Erickson¹,

Seuzaret²,

Keene³

et al. 1999

J. Geophys. Res.

119

139

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Tg C1 yr -1 and 0.06 Tg C1 yr -1, respectively; virtually all in the Northern Hemisphere. Largest HC1 and C1NO2 fluxes occur in northern hemisphere winter due to high sea salt loading and elevated HNO3, SO2 and N205 concentrations. 70% of the HC1 dechlorination occurs on particles between 0.75 gm and 4 gm radius; C1NO2 volatilized from slightly larger particles. The aerosol pH of each particle size bin equilibrates towards the same value once the alkalinity has been titrated.

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Section: Rapid Uptake Of So2 Is Limited To Alkaline Aerosol In Which mentioning

confidence: 99%

A general circulation model based calculation of HCl and ClNO₂ production from sea salt dechlorination: Reactive Chlorine Emissions Inventory

Erickson¹,

Seuzaret²,

Keene³

et al. 1999

J. Geophys. Res.

119

139

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“…Hebestreit et al [1999] reported BrO up to 80 parts per trillion (ppt) in the Dead Sea valley and Wagner et al [2001] found BrO at the Caspian Sea using GOME satellite data. Bromide from sea salt deposits is most likely the origin of reactive bromine in this case ('Bromine Explosion' [Platt and Lehrer, 1997;Vogt et al, 1996]). Photochemical degradation of organic compounds like methyl bromide (CH 3 Br) or bromoform (CHBr 3 ) from algae and anthropogenic sources can also release Br in the troposphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MAX‐DOAS measurements of BrO and NO₂ in the marine boundary layer

Leser

Hönninger

Platt

2003

Geophysical Research Letters

154

171

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During a cruise of the German research vessel Polarstern from Bremerhaven, Germany to Capetown, South Africa in October 2000 mid latitude tropospheric bromine oxide (BrO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) abundances were investigated by ground‐based MAX‐DOAS (scattered light Multi Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy). By comparing the slant column densities of absorbers measured at different elevation angles above the horizon (5° to 90°) it is possible to draw conclusions regarding the vertical distribution of the investigated absorbers (i.e., BrO and NO2). During a period of 2 days in the region north of the Canary Islands (around 35°N, 13°W) significant boundary layer BrO in the 1 ppt range was found. For the remaining time all data points ranged below the detection limit. Boundary layer NO2 was found near Europe and the Canary Islands with mixing ratios in the range of several ppb. In the remote marine air south west of Africa upper limits were derived.

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“…As possible explanation, Sadanaga et al [2001] suggested heterogeneous reaction of ozone with sea salt in the presence of ferric ions. Another possibility for the production of Cl 2 would be the reaction between OH and Cl À on aerosol surfaces [Knipping et al, 2000;Knipping and Dabdub, 2002], in addition to the autocatalytic mechanism involving oxidation of Cl À by HOCl/HOBr in acidified sea salt aerosol [e.g., Sander and Crutzen, 1996;Vogt et al, 1996]. Using a similar method as Spicer et al [1998], Finley and Saltzman [2006] measured Cl 2 in coastal urban air in Irvine, California, reporting mixing ratios up to 20 pmol mol À1 with a 2-month average of 3.5 pmol mol À1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive chlorine in the marine boundary layer in the outflow of polluted continental air: A model study

Pechtl

Glasow

2007

Geophysical Research Letters

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[1] Results from a numerical one-dimensional model show that continental pollution that is advected over the ocean leads to substantial acid displacement from newly emitted sea salt aerosol. Oxidation of HCl by OH and cycling between the gas and aerosol phase lead to a build-up of nighttime Cl 2 mixing ratios of up to 90 pmol mol À1 in our base scenario and 125 pmol mol À1 in a sensitivity study with high wind speeds. Therefore the recirculation of continental airmasses over the ocean and back to the coast might explain previous measurements of high nighttime Cl 2 in onshore winds. Furthermore, the model runs suggest a substantial contribution of daytime Cl-radical chemistry to the oxidation of volatile organic compounds under these conditions. Citation: Pechtl, S., and R. von , Reactive chlorine in the marine boundary layer in the outflow of polluted continental air: A model study, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L11813,

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A mechanism for halogen release from sea-salt aerosol in the remote marine boundary layer

Cited by 722 publications

References 29 publications

A general circulation model based calculation of HCl and ClNO₂ production from sea salt dechlorination: Reactive Chlorine Emissions Inventory

A general circulation model based calculation of HCl and ClNO₂ production from sea salt dechlorination: Reactive Chlorine Emissions Inventory

MAX‐DOAS measurements of BrO and NO₂ in the marine boundary layer

Reactive chlorine in the marine boundary layer in the outflow of polluted continental air: A model study

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A mechanism for halogen release from sea-salt aerosol in the remote marine boundary layer

Cited by 722 publications

References 29 publications

A general circulation model based calculation of HCl and ClNO2 production from sea salt dechlorination: Reactive Chlorine Emissions Inventory

A general circulation model based calculation of HCl and ClNO2 production from sea salt dechlorination: Reactive Chlorine Emissions Inventory

MAX‐DOAS measurements of BrO and NO2 in the marine boundary layer

Reactive chlorine in the marine boundary layer in the outflow of polluted continental air: A model study

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A general circulation model based calculation of HCl and ClNO₂ production from sea salt dechlorination: Reactive Chlorine Emissions Inventory

A general circulation model based calculation of HCl and ClNO₂ production from sea salt dechlorination: Reactive Chlorine Emissions Inventory

MAX‐DOAS measurements of BrO and NO₂ in the marine boundary layer