A Mechanism for Passive Range Exclusion: Evidence from the European Badger (Meles meles)

Stewart, Paul D.; Anderson, Carl W.; Macdonald, David W.

doi:10.1006/jtbi.1996.0248

Cited by 103 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…However, although higher rates of uptake were generally associated with transect density and central positions (which tended to be closer to main setts), these effects were not statistically significant. Nevertheless this nonsignificant trend is consistent with optimal foraging theory, which predicts that food closest to the point of origin (in this case the main sett) tends to be discovered first and exploited at the highest rate (Stewart et al 1997).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Uptake of buried baits by badgers: Implications for rabies control in Great Britain and the delivery of an oral TB vaccine

Palphramand

Carter

Woods

et al. 2012

Wildlife Society Bulletin

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The British Government's contingency plan for the control of wildlife rabies is based on oral vaccination around a focal outbreak, with the option of the targeted lethal control of foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and badgers (Meles meles) using buried poisoned bait. We investigated uptake by badgers of nonpoison meatbased baits buried along transects for 10 consecutive days in 1995. The original aim was to evaluate the likely effectiveness of this contingency option. However, the results are also pertinent to the development of an oral tuberculosis (TB) vaccine baiting strategy for badgers, for which research has primarily been carried out since this study was completed. Bait disappearance steadily increased over time, reaching an asymptote after 7 days. By incorporating iophenoxic acid biomarkers into baits, we showed that about 51% of subsequently captured badgers had consumed bait, the majority of which did so during the first 7 days. Bait uptake was significantly higher among adults. Rates of uptake by badgers of baits buried along transects could be increased by shortening the prebaiting period or extending the baiting period. However, considerably higher levels of uptake by adults and cubs are likely to be achieved by targeting bait deployment at badger setts, and this is now included in Britain's rabies contingency plan. Although meat-based baits cannot be used for TB control, the relevance of these results to the delivery of an oral TB vaccine bait to badgers is discussed. ß 2012 Crown copyright KEY WORDS badgers, bait uptake, biomarker, bovine tuberculosis, contingency plan, disease control, iophenoxic acid, Meles meles, rabies, vaccine bait.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Uptake of buried baits by badgers: Implications for rabies control in Great Britain and the delivery of an oral TB vaccine

Palphramand

Carter

Woods

et al. 2012

Wildlife Society Bulletin

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“…Nevertheless, the function of fecal marking and latrine use is generally assumed to be linked, primarily, to territorial defense (Begg et al 2003, Jordan et al Even for high-density European badger populations, more subtle functions of scent-marking, beyond simple territorial defense (Roper et al 1986(Roper et al , 1993, have been proposed, such as Passive Range Exclusion (Stewart et al 1997) and Individual Advertisement (Buesching and Macdonald 2001), and there is evidence of coordination in latrine use between group members (Kilshaw et al 2009). These different or subsidiary functions are, however, often obscured, or overwhelmed, in studies focused tightly on group defense functions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patterns of latrine use may signal the local depletion of resources (e.g., the passive range exclusion hypothesis; see Stewart et al 1997), and/or have implications for disease transmission (Page et al 1999, Riordan et al 2011) and parasite avoidance (Hutchings et al 2001, Ezenwa 2004); while at the ecosystem level, latrine use can relate to endozoochorus seed dispersal (Zhou et al 2008b, Capece et al 2013, O'Farrill et al 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hog badger (Arctonyx collaris) latrine use in relation to food abundance: evidence of the scarce factor paradox

et al. 2015

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2015. Hog badger (Arctonyx collaris) latrine use in relation to food abundance: evidence of the scarce factor paradox.Ecosphere 6(1):19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/ES14-00155.1Abstract. Many carnivores use latrines, and investigations of latrine use have typically been concerned with territorial defense, often at the expense of fully evaluating other, not mutually exclusive, functions. In particular, the relationship between food abundance and latrine use patterns has been explored inadequately, where latrine location may be used to aid spatial memory, to stake a claim on access to temporally variable food resources, or to signal the local depletion of resources. Little is known about the hog badger (Arctonyx collaris), however the consensus is that they are solitary, but nonetheless deposit their feces in latrines, but without any group-territory defense function. This provides an ideal study system to investigate how temporal and spatial variation in latrine use strategy is associated with food resource availability throughout the year. We use generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) and an informationtheoretic approach to test the hypothesis that seasonal latrine use patterns signal the resources most valued (i.e., the foraging book keeping hypothesis). We found that latrine use showed significant seasonal and habitat-related variations, where the number of feces per latrine reached seasonal maxima in early summer but was lowest in autumn, and was significantly higher in logged forest and selectively logged forest but lowest in farmland. The intensity of latrine use exhibited a significant negative relationship with environmental food abundance, and was related to dietary output (fecal contents). That is, hog badgers invested most in 'marking' those more limited resources, concurring with the scarce factor paradox, which asserts that the value of any commodity is a function of its rarity.

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“…However, unlike central place foragers or animals whose nest or den is located at the center of their home range, there is not a clear reason why the centers of capuchin home ranges would be more highly valued than peripheral regions. Home range centers may be areas of particularly high resource density, or competition with neighbors may decrease the value of resources in peripheral areas (26,27). Additional data are needed to distinguish between these two hypotheses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Location-based payoff asymmetries arise if residents place a higher value on the area being contested than intruders, and thus have more to gain from winning the interaction (or more to lose in defeat) (22,24). Home range centers, for example, might be more valuable than peripheral areas if ranges are established in areas of particularly high resource density, if knowledge gained through frequent use of an area creates foraging advantages (25), or if competition with neighbors decreases foraging efficiency in peripheral areas (26,27). For similar reasons, frequently used areas might be highly valued regardless of their position in the home range.…”

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confidence: 99%

Interaction location outweighs the competitive advantage of numerical superiority inCebus capucinusintergroup contests

Crofoot

Gilby

Wikelski

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

185

178

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Numerical superiority confers a competitive advantage during contests among animal groups, shaping patterns of resource access, and, by extension, fitness. However, relative group size does not always determine the winner of intergroup contests. Smaller, presumably weaker social groups often defeat their larger neighbors, but how and when they are able to do so remains poorly understood. Models of competition between individuals suggest that location may influence contest outcome. However, because of the logistical difficulties of studying intergroup interactions, previous studies have been unable to determine how contest location and group size interact to shape relationships among groups. We address this question by using an automated radio telemetry system to study intergroup interactions among six capuchin monkey (Cebus capucinus) social groups of varying sizes. We find that the odds of winning increase with relative group size; one additional group member increases the odds of winning an interaction by 10%. However, this effect is not uniform across space; with each 100 m that a group moves away from the center of its home range, its odds of winning an interaction decrease by 31%. We demonstrate that contest outcome depends on an interaction between group size and location, such that small groups can defeat much larger groups near the center of their home range. The tendency of resident groups to win contests may help explain how small groups persist in areas with intense intergroup competition.between-group competition ͉ intergroup dominance ͉ payoff asymmetries ͉ resource holding potential

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A Mechanism for Passive Range Exclusion: Evidence from the European Badger (Meles meles)

Cited by 103 publications

References 0 publications

Uptake of buried baits by badgers: Implications for rabies control in Great Britain and the delivery of an oral TB vaccine

Uptake of buried baits by badgers: Implications for rabies control in Great Britain and the delivery of an oral TB vaccine

Hog badger (Arctonyx collaris) latrine use in relation to food abundance: evidence of the scarce factor paradox

Interaction location outweighs the competitive advantage of numerical superiority inCebus capucinusintergroup contests

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