A mechanism of sperm cilia beating

Revealing peculiarities of the course of physiological and biochemical processes in the formation of parameters of ejaculate allows effective correlation of biological completeness of spermatozoids based on the use of chelate compounds of limiting microelements, particularly copper. The study was focused on determining changes in processes of spermatogenesis during correction of mineral nutrition. In the experiment, we used adult boars of the same age, live weight and quality of ejaculates. They consumed copper citrate during the 45 day experiment in doses higher than the norm by 10% (1.5 mg per 1 kg of combined feed) and 20% (3 mg per 1 kg of combined feed) compared with the control. We determined difference in the effects of different doses of copper citrate on the formation of parameters of ejaculates in sire boars. Addition of the mineral additive to the feed in the doses 10% exceeding the norm promoted increase in the parameters of functional activity of spermatozoids – mobility and survival – on day 45 of the intake, which occurred against the background of acceleration of peroxidation processes (increase in the concentration of thiobarbituric acid of active compounds) and activation of the system of antioxidant protection – increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase and decrease in the level of catalase in the sperm. At the same time, we observed increase in the morphometric parameters of spermatozoids – general length, width, length and volume of the head. On day 30, sire boars that had been consuming copper citrate in the amounts 20% above the norm were observed to have increase in concentration of spermatozoids, their mobility and survivability, though a decrease was seen in the morphometric parameters of the gametes. Further intake of this element caused increase in the amount of abnormal forms of spermatozoids. Under the action of this additive, we determined increase in the amount of metabolites of lipid peroxidation – conjugated dienes and thiobarbituric acids of active compounds, and also weakening of the system of antioxidative protection – decrease in the content of reduced glutathione and accumulation of dehydroascorbic acid. Thus, the intake of copper citrate in the amounts of 10% above the norm facilitated morpho-functional parameters of spermatozoids by activating the system of antioxidant protection. It would be promising to conduct further research to determine the effects of copper citrate on the processes of activation and capacitation of spermatozoids and fertilization of oocytes in in vivo and in vitro conditions.

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Biochemical features of X or Y chromosome bearing spermatozoa for sperm sexing

Pozdyshev,

Kombarova,

Muronetz

2023

Biohimiâ

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This review presents information on the biochemical features of spermatozoa bearing an X or Y chromosome, enabling to obtain a sperm fraction with a pre-defined sex chromosome. Almost the only technology currently used for such separation (called sexing) is based on sperm fluorescence-activated cell sorting in regard to DNA content. Besides its applications, this technology made it possible to analyze the properties of isolated populations of spermatozoa bearing an X or Y chromosome. In recent years, a number of works have appeared proving the existence of differences between these populations at the transcriptome and proteome level. It is noteworthy that these differences are primarily related to energy metabolism and structural proteins of the flagellum. New methods of sperm enrichment with X or Y chromosome cells are based on the differences in motility between spermatozoa with different sex chromosomes. Sperm sexing is a widespread part of the protocol of artificial insemination of cows with cryopreserved semen, it allows to increase the proportion of offspring of the required sex. In addition, advances in the separation of X and Y spermatozoa may allow this approach to be applied in clinical practice to avoid sex-linked diseases.

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A mechanism of sperm cilia beating

Cited by 3 publications

References 87 publications

Biochemical Features of X or Y Chromosome-Bearing Spermatozoa for Sperm Sexing

Biochemical Features of X or Y Chromosome-Bearing Spermatozoa for Sperm Sexing

Effects of copper citrate on physiological-biochemical parameters of ejaculate of sire boars

Biochemical features of X or Y chromosome bearing spermatozoa for sperm sexing

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