A mechanistic study of electrode materials for rechargeable batteries beyond lithium ions by<i>in situ</i>transmission electron microscopy

Yousaf, Muhammad; Naseer, Ufra; Li, Yiju; Ali, Zeeshan; Mahmood, Nasir; Wang, Lei; Guo, Shaojun

doi:10.1039/d0ee03295f

Cited by 59 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 198 publications

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“…This may be a possible and promising solution to obtain high-voltage and long-durability LICs. Furthermore, some in situ and ex situ characterization technologies could be applied to investigate the decomposition mechanism of electrolytes, the degradation and/or evolution of the electrode surface and electrode/electrolyte interface and the composition of decomposed products [ 145 , 146 , 147 ]. It is expected that these in situ and ex situ tools will help us to understand the beneath decomposition mechanism and find an effective protection method.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene-Based Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Capacitors: A Review

et al. 2021

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Lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) are attracting increasing attention because of their potential to bridge the electrochemical performance gap between batteries and supercapacitors. However, the commercial application of current LICs is still impeded by their inferior energy density, which is mainly due to the low capacity of the cathode. Therefore, tremendous efforts have been made in developing novel cathode materials with high capacity and excellent rate capability. Graphene-based nanomaterials have been recognized as one of the most promising cathodes for LICs due to their unique properties, and exciting progress has been achieved. Herein, in this review, the recent advances of graphene-based cathode materials for LICs are systematically summarized. Especially, the synthesis method, structure characterization and electrochemical performance of various graphene-based cathodes are comprehensively discussed and compared. Furthermore, their merits and limitations are also emphasized. Finally, a summary and outlook are presented to highlight some challenges of graphene-based cathode materials in the future applications of LICs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene-Based Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Capacitors: A Review

et al. 2021

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“…[16][17][18][19] While a large amount of research activity has focused on lithium and sodium-ion batteries, there are not too many literatures in the field of PIBs. [20][21][22] Although Te is tested as a cathode for PIBs, the proposed reaction mechanisms remain controversial. Shuai et al reported a Te/porous carbon composite for KIB, delivering a high capacity and rate performance.…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[27][28][29] It has the unique merit of providing direct insights into dynamic compositional and microstructural evolutions during electrochemical reactions in electrodes. [21,30] Here, we explore the atomistic (de)potassiation mechanism of single crystalline Te nanowires (NWs) using both in situ X-ray diffraction and in situ TEM including high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) imaging and dynamic electron diffraction (ED). [31] We discover a two-step potassiation mechanism involving a Te-to-K 2 Te 3 transition in the first stage and an incompletely K 2 Te 3 -to-K 5 Te 3 transition in the second stage.…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

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In Situ Atomic‐Scale Observation of Electrochemical (De)potassiation in Te Nanowires

Liu

Meng

Wang

et al. 2022

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Potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) have great potential in energy storage due to their high abundance and low cost of potassium resources. Tellurium (Te) is a promising PIB cathode due to its high volumetric capacity and good electronic conductivity. However, the electrochemical (de)potassiation mechanism of Te remains elusive due to the lack of an effective method of directly observing the dynamic reaction at atomic resolution. Here, the phase transformations of single crystal Te on (de)potassiation are clearly revealed by in situ high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction. Te undergoes a consecutive phase transformation during potassiation: from Te to K2Te3 in the initial potassiation, and then part of the K2Te3 to K5Te3 on further potassiation. The reaction has extremely high reversibility in the following depotassiation. By atomic‐scale observation, an anisotropic reaction mechanism where K+ intercalates into Te crystalline lattice preferentially through the (001) plane (having a large d‐spacing) is established during potassiation. While in the depotassiation process, K ions extract from the polycrystalline KxTe along the same diffusion path to form single crystal Te, indicating the potassium storage is highly reversible. The strong orientation‐dependent (de)potassiation mechanism revealed by this work provides implications for the future design of nanostructured cathodes for high‐performance PIBs.

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“…Besides monovalent cation batteries (LIBs/SIBs/PIBs), rechargeable ion batteries based on multivalent cations such as Mg 2+ , Al 3+ , Zn 2+ can be the future energy storage devices due to their high energy density, low cost, and relatively large abundance in the Earth's crust [260][261][262][263]. The working principle of multi-IBs is similar to that of mono-valent ion batteries (LIBs/ SIBs/PIBs) in many ways, except the use of multivalent ion instead of mono-valent ion.…”

Section: Mibsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of binary metal chalcogenides in extending the limits of energy storage systems: Challenges and possible solutions

et al. 2021

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Binary metal chalcogenides (BMCs) have shown better electrochemical performance compared with their mono metal counterparts owing to their abundant phase interfaces, higher active sites, faster electrochemical kinetics and higher electronic conductivity. Nevertheless, their performance still undergoes adverse decline during electrochemical processes mainly due to poor intrinsic ionic conductivities, large volume expansions, and structural agglomeration and fracture. To tackle these problems, various strategies have been applied to engineer the BMC nanostructures to obtain optimized electrode materials. However, the lack of understanding of the electrochemical response of BMCs still hinders their large-scale application. This review not only highlights the recent progress and development in the preparation of BMC-based electrode materials but also explains the kinetics to further understand the relation between structure and performance. It will also explain the engineering of BMCs through nanostructuring and formation of their hybrid structures with various carbonaceous materials and three-dimensional (3D) templates. The review will discuss the detailed working mechanism of BMC-based nanostructures in various electrochemical energy storage (EES) systems including supercapacitors, metal-ion batteries, metal-air batteries, and alkaline batteries. In the end, major challenges and prospective solutions for the development of BMCs in EES devices are also outlined. We believe that the current review will provide a guideline for tailoring BMCs for better electrochemical devices.

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A mechanistic study of electrode materials for rechargeable batteries beyond lithium ions byin situtransmission electron microscopy

Abstract: Understanding the fundamental mechanisms of advanced electrode materials at the atomic scale during the electrochemical process is condemnatory to develop the high-performance rechargeable batteries. The complex electrochemical reactions involved inside...

Cited by 59 publications

References 198 publications

Graphene-Based Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Capacitors: A Review

Graphene-Based Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Capacitors: A Review

In Situ Atomic‐Scale Observation of Electrochemical (De)potassiation in Te Nanowires

Role of binary metal chalcogenides in extending the limits of energy storage systems: Challenges and possible solutions

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