“…First, they have a higher risk of poverty (Brady and Burroway, 2012; Jäntti and Gornik, 2009; Härkönen, 2018; Hogendoorn et al, 2020; Hübgen, 2018; Lewis and Hobson, 1997; Maldonado and Nieuwenhuis, 2014) that deepens the delegitimization directed at them in public discourse (Ajzenstadt, 2009; Herbst, 2013). Second, single mothers negatively label their parenting, perceiving themselves as not good enough, largely in terms of ‘new social risks’ of bringing their children into poverty and social perversion (Abramovitz, 2006; Ajzenstadt, 2009; Herbst, 2013; Salter, 2018), although this claim has not been corroborated in research (Dermott and Pomati, 2016). Third, they are less able to accumulate economic capital than two-parent families (Sierminska, 2018) in terms of both income from wages (Raz-Yurovich, 2013) and pension accumulation (Price et al, 2016), and are characterized by decreased rates of homeownership leading to persistent residential instability (Mikolai et al, 2019).…”