“…In recent years, the electrochemical immunosensors have been employed in detecting the many kinds of biomarker proteins for the disease and virus-infection diagnoses (Rama and Costa-García, 2016 ; Norfun et al, 2017 ). With some exceptional advantages such as cost-effective instrumentation, less complexity in operation, and fast detection, label-free immunosensors have attracted research development in the diagnoses (Zhang et al, 2008 , 2017 ; Qiu et al, 2010 ; Jumpathong et al, 2016 ; Li et al, 2016 ; Tabrizi et al, 2016 ; Wang and Ma, 2018 ; Chanarsa et al, 2020 ; Kuntamung et al, 2021 ). The immunosensors are also constructed with no complex fabrication process, leading to convenience of use (Norfun et al, 2016 , 2017 ; Putnin et al, 2018 ; Wang and Ma, 2018 ; Zhao et al, 2018 ; Kuntamung et al, 2021 ).…”