A Medico–psychiatric Diagnostic Review of Remanded (Without a Request for a Psychiatric Report) Male Minor Offenders

Bartholomew, Allen A.; Brain, Lord; Douglas, A. S.; Reynolds, W. Stuart

doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1967.tb21199.x

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…There were 72 studies from high-income countries. There were 25 studies from the USA, 41,48,51,52,54–57,59,62–64,67,73,75,76,79,82,83,85–88,104,112 3 from Canada, 42,72,80 5 from Australia, 40,50,60,61,99 and 1 from New Zealand. 44 The remaining studies were conducted in Europe including eight in England and Wales, 45,53,69,70,78,89,90,106 six in Ireland, 71,84,100,102,105,115 three in Scotland, 43,47,49 and a number in The Netherlands, 46,74,81,98 Finland, 58,65,66 Germany, 101,113,114 Denmark, 39,94 Italy, 107,117 Greece, 103,118 Austria, 110 France, 30 Norway, 77 Spain 111 and Sweden.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…91 There were 72 studies from high-income countries. There were 25 studies from the USA, 41,48,51,52,[54][55][56][57]59,[62][63][64]67,73,75,76,79,82,83,[85][86][87][88]104,112 3 from Canada, 42,72,80 5 from Australia, 40,50,60,61,99 and 1 from New Zealand. 44 The remaining studies were conducted in Europe including eight in England and Wales, 45,53,69,70,78,89,90,106 six in Ireland, 71,84,100,102,105,115 three in Scotland, 43,…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We identified 99 samples from 74 studies that reported rates of psychotic illnesses and included a total of 30 635 prisoners. 30,[39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][53][54][55][56][57][59][60][61][62][63][89][90][91][92][94][95][96]98,[100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118] Overall, we calculated a random-effects pooled prevalence o...…”

Section: Psychotic Illnessesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Severe mental illness in 33 588 prisoners worldwide: systematic review and meta-regression analysis

2012

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BackgroundHigh levels of psychiatric morbidity in prisoners have been documented in many countries, but it is not known whether rates of mental illness have been increasing over time or whether the prevalence differs between low–middle-income countries compared with high-income ones.AimsTo systematically review prevalence studies for psychotic illness and major depression in prisoners, provide summary estimates and investigate sources of heterogeneity between studies using meta-regression.MethodStudies from 1966 to 2010 were identified using ten bibliographic indexes and reference lists. Inclusion criteria were unselected prison samples and that clinical examination or semi-structured instruments were used to make DSM or ICD diagnoses of the relevant disorders.ResultsWe identified 109 samples including 33 588 prisoners in 24 countries. Data were meta-analysed using random-effects models, and we found a pooled prevalence of psychosis of 3.6% (95% CI 3.1–4.2) in male prisoners and 3.9% (95% CI 2.7–5.0) in female prisoners. There were high levels of heterogeneity, some of which was explained by studies in low–middle-income countries reporting higher prevalences of psychosis (5.5%, 95% CI 4.2–6.8;P=0.035 on meta-regression). The pooled prevalence of major depression was 10.2% (95% CI 8.8–11.7) in male prisoners and 14.1% (95% CI 10.2–18.1) in female prisoners. The prevalence of these disorders did not appear to be increasing over time, apart from depression in the USA (P=0.008).ConclusionsHigh levels of psychiatric morbidity are consistently reported in prisoners from many countries over four decades. Further research is needed to confirm whether higher rates of mental illness are found in low- and middle-income nations, and examine trends over time within nations with large prison populations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Psychotic Illnessesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Severe mental illness in 33 588 prisoners worldwide: systematic review and meta-regression analysis

2012

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“…They commented that while the prevalence of psychosis is comparable with that in the community, this should not obscure the importance of the needs of these prisoners. Higher rates of severe mental disorders have been found in people detained in remand centres in the United Kingdom and Australia (Bartholomew et al 1967;Taylor & Gunn, 1984) and in jails in the United States (Teplin, 1983(Teplin, , 1990. Remand centres and jails typically detain people before trial or for short sentences; and mentallyill people may be diverted to psychiatric facilities before conviction or imprisonment (Teplin, 1990;Cook, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of psychiatric services before imprisonment: a survey and case register linkage of sentenced prisoners in Melbourne

et al. 1994

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SynopsisInformation about contact with psychiatric services before imprisonment was obtained for a stratified random sample of sentenced prisoners, who were not receiving prison psychiatric care, in Melbourne's three metropolitan prisons. The sample of 158 men and 31 women was matched with the longitudinal person-linked records of state psychiatric service use in the Victorian Psychiatric Case Register (VPCR). Records of contact with the state services were found for 54 men (34%) and 19 women (61%), including records of in-patient treatment for 25 men (16%) and 15 women (48%). For 64% of individuals with a positive match, the case-note diagnoses were substance use disorders only. Diagnoses of psychotic disorders were recorded for four prisoners, and mood disorders for another six.In addition, clinicians conducted standardized diagnostic interviews and enquired about treatment and personal history. A further 24 prisoners reported specialist psychiatric treatment outside the state treatment sector.This study links the findings from an interview survey of psychiatric morbidity in prisoners with the records available in the VPCR, and emphasizes a number of matters important to the public health. The high rates of previous treatment for substance abuse disorders, the apparent pool of prisoners with largely untreated major depression, and the service needs of those with chronic psychotic disorders are discussed.

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Ethical Issues in Australian Prison Psychiatry

Sullivan

2013

Ethical Issues in Prison Psychiatry

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A Medico–psychiatric Diagnostic Review of Remanded (Without a Request for a Psychiatric Report) Male Minor Offenders

Cited by 10 publications

References 8 publications

Severe mental illness in 33 588 prisoners worldwide: systematic review and meta-regression analysis

Severe mental illness in 33 588 prisoners worldwide: systematic review and meta-regression analysis

The use of psychiatric services before imprisonment: a survey and case register linkage of sentenced prisoners in Melbourne

Ethical Issues in Australian Prison Psychiatry

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