A Medium-Scale Cloud Cluster in a Baiu Front

Akiyama, T.

doi:10.2151/jmsj1965.62.3_505

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

1984

DOI: 10.2151/jmsj1965.62.3_505

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A Medium-Scale Cloud Cluster in a Baiu Front

T. Akiyama¹

Abstract: Observation features and evolution process of a long-lived medium-scale cloud cluster have been analyzed in Part I of the present paper. Thermal and kinematic fields and heat budget of this cloud cluster are investigated in Part II. The special attention is given in its formation and developing stages over the Continental China region.The following results were obtained. 1). A cloud cluster developed in the uniform unstable tropical air over the Continent. Thermal fields in and around the cloud cluster exhibit… Show more

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Cited by 34 publications

References 19 publications

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Origin, evolution and structure of meso-α-scale lows associated with cloud clusters and heavy rainfall over the Korean peninsula

Shin

Lee

2015

Asia-Pacific J Atmos Sci

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An investigation was conducted to describe the locations of initial occurrence, evolution and structure of meso-α-scale lows (MLs) associated with cloud clusters and heavy rainfall over the Korean Peninsula using observation and reanalysis data. We selected 29 heavy rainfall events associated with MLs during the 10-year period of 2001-2010. The locations of initial ML occurrence are widely spread from the eastern flank of the Tibetan Plateau to the Yellow Sea. These locations are grouped into 3 regions: 1) the eastern flank of the Tibetan Plateau (R1, 6 cases), 2) central and eastern China (R2, 16 cases), and 3) the Yellow Sea (R3, 7 cases). Initial MLs tend to occur within a deep trough over the eastern flank of the Tibetan Plateau (R1 cases) or a long trough extended northeastward from the southeast of the Tibetan Plateau along the northwestern rim of the western Pacific subtropical high (a majority of R2 cases and two R3 cases). Horizontal temperature gradients are weak over the areas of initial MLs. Meso-α-scale lows tend to develop in the lower troposphere (e.g., below 700 hPa) in an environment of existing cyclonic vorticity. And they are accompanied by anticyclonic vorticity in the upper troposphere. The speed of ML movement varies with each case and with the location of ML. The average speeds of ML movement are 32.4, 37.2 and 40.4 km h −1 for the R1, R2 and R3 groups, respectively. Meso-α-scale lows are shown to have a warm-core structure in general. They are tilted toward various directions with a majority of them (14 of 29 MLs) tilting northward with height.

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Origin, evolution and structure of meso-α-scale lows associated with cloud clusters and heavy rainfall over the Korean peninsula

Shin

Lee

2015

Asia-Pacific J Atmos Sci

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A Numerical Study of a Mesoscale Convective System over the Taiwan Strait

Zhang¹,

Lau²,

Kuo³

et al. 2003

Mon. Wea. Rev.

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On 7 June 1998, a mesoscale convective system (MCS), associated with a mesoscale cyclone, was initiated on the south side of a mei-yu front near Hong Kong and developed over the Taiwan Strait. In this study, numerical simulations for this event are performed using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5). The model captures the evolution of the MCS, including the shapes of clouds and the rainfall rate.In the mature phase of the simulated MCS, the MCS is composed of several meso-␤-and meso-␥-scale convective clusters possessing commalike shapes similar to that of a midlatitude occluded cyclone. The cluster at the head of the ''comma'' consists of convective clouds that are decaying, while the tail of the comma is made up of a leading active convective line. A mesoscale cyclone, associated with a mesolow, at the tailing region of the leading convective line is well developed below 500 hPa. At 850 hPa, a mesoscale low-level jet (mLLJ) is located on the south side of the mesolow, and is directed toward the comma-shaped convective clusters. At 300 hPa, a mesohigh develops over the leading cluster. A mesoscale upper-level jet (mULJ) is located on the east side of this mesohigh. Relative streamline and trajectory analyses show that the mLLJ, associated with low e and sinking air motion, is a rear-inflow jet, while the mULJ is the outflow jet of the MCS. Monsoon air from the boundary layer in front of the MCS feeds deep convection within the MCS.Momentum budget calculations are performed in the regions of the mLLJ and mULJ, at the developing and mature stage of the MCS. The pressure gradient force and the horizontal advection are the main contributors to the development of mLLJ in the developing stage. Although the effects of the pressure gradient force are weakened considerably when the MCS reaches maturity, the horizontal advection continues to accelerate the mLLJ. Vertical advection tends to decelerate the mLLJ both in its developing and mature stages. The pressure gradient force and vertical advection are responsible for generating the mULJ in the early stages, and maintaining the mULJ in its mature stage. Strong convective upward motion, which carries the horizontal momentum upward, from the exit of the mLLJ to the entrance of the mULJ, is crucial in the vertical coupling of the mLLJ and mULJ.

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A Subtropical Oceanic Mesoscale Convective Vortex Observed during SoWMEX/TiMREX

Lai¹,

Davis²,

Jou³

2011

Monthly Weather Review

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This study examines a subtropical oceanic mesoscale convective vortex (MCV) that occurred from 1800 UTC 4 June to 1200 UTC 6 June 2008 during intensive observing period (IOP) 6 of the Southwest Monsoon Experiment (SoWMEX) and the Terrain-influenced Monsoon Rainfall Experiment (TiMREX). A dissipating mesoscale convective system reorganized within a nearly barotropic vorticity strip, which formed as a southwesterly low-level jet developed to the south of subsiding easterly flow over the southern Taiwan Strait. A cyclonic circulation was revealed on the northern edge of the mesoscale rainband with a horizontal scale of 200 km. An inner subvortex, on a scale of 25-30 km with maximum shear vorticity of 3 3 10 23 s 21 , was embedded in the stronger convection. The vortex-relative southerly flow helped create local potential instability favorable for downshear convection enhancement. Strong low-level convergence suggests that stretching occurred within the MCV. Higher u e air, associated with significant potential and conditional instability, and high reflectivity signatures near the vortex center suggest that deep moist convection was responsible for the vortex stretching. Dry rear inflow penetrated into the MCV and suppressed convection in the upshear direction. A mesolow was also roughly observed within the larger vortex. The presence of intense vertical wind shear in the higher troposphere limited the vortex vertical extent to about 6 km.

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A Medium-Scale Cloud Cluster in a Baiu Front

Cited by 34 publications

References 19 publications

Origin, evolution and structure of meso-α-scale lows associated with cloud clusters and heavy rainfall over the Korean peninsula

Origin, evolution and structure of meso-α-scale lows associated with cloud clusters and heavy rainfall over the Korean peninsula

A Numerical Study of a Mesoscale Convective System over the Taiwan Strait

A Subtropical Oceanic Mesoscale Convective Vortex Observed during SoWMEX/TiMREX

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