A membrane and blood-free approach to rear adult Aedes albopictus

Suman, Devi Shankar; Chandel, Kshitij; Wang, Yi; Chandra, Kailash; Gaugler, Randy

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105895

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…darlingi and laboratory-reared Ae. albopictus were also found to lay eggs after consuming a single meal of 5–10% sucrose and 10–40% bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution [ 30 , 31 ]. We began this study by allowing starved Ae.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sugar consumption is thought to primarily extend adult longevity and provide energy for flight [ 6 ]. However, some anautogenous species may initiate egg formation in the field without blood-feeding given: (i) plant nectars often contain amino acids or proteins [ 3 – 6 ] and (ii) results reported here and elsewhere [ 26 – 31 ] showing that some species in culture produce eggs when fed sugar solutions containing different sources of amino acids. Our goal in conducting this study was to explore how sucrose solutions containing different sources of amino acids affect the number of eggs females produce and the processes that regulate oogenesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…We initially fed starved UGAL Ae. aegypti a single protein-sugar meal to repletion because prior studies using artificial blood meals or protein-sugar solutions have fed females in this way [ 19 , 21 , 25 , 29 – 31 ]. However, this approach mimics blood-feeding more than nectar feeding in the field or sugar feeding in laboratory, which is why we also conducted assays where females had ad libitum access to protein-, peptide- or amino acid-sugar solutions [ 6 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…aegypti produce similar numbers of eggs after consuming a blood meal, 10–20% BSA plus ATP or solutions containing multiple proteins plus ATP from a membrane feeder [ 16 , 19 , 21 , 22 ]. Aedes albopictus females also produce similar numbers of eggs after feeding on a host or consuming a meal of 10% BSA-sucrose [ 31 ]. Our results indicate Ae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…to feed and produce eggs with varying levels of efficacy [ 16 – 25 ]. Studies dating back more than a century indicate some anautogenous mosquitoes also consume protein without heating or ATP if added to a sugar solution, which likewise results in egg formation [ 25 – 31 ]. The literature thus overall suggests protein acquisition rather than a specific requirement to blood-feed determines whether female mosquitoes can produce eggs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ad libitum consumption of protein- or peptide-sucrose solutions stimulates egg formation by prolonging the vitellogenic phase of oogenesis in anautogenous mosquitoes

et al. 2022

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Background Anautogenous mosquitoes commonly consume nectars and other solutions containing sugar but are thought to only produce eggs in discrete gonadotrophic cycles after blood-feeding on a vertebrate host. However, some anautogenous species are known to produce eggs if amino acids in the form of protein are added to a sugar solution. Unclear is how different sources of amino acids in sugar solutions affect the processes that regulate egg formation and whether responses vary among species. In this study, we addressed these questions by focusing on Aedes aegypti and conducting some comparative assays with Aedes albopictus, Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus. Methods Adult female mosquitoes were fed sugar solutions containing amino acids, peptides or protein. Markers for activation of a gonadotrophic cycle including yolk deposition into oocytes, oviposition, ovary ecdysteroidogenesis, expression of juvenile hormone and 20-hydroxyecdysone-responsive genes, and adult blood-feeding behavior were then measured. Results The five anautogenous species we studied produced eggs when fed two proteins (bovine serum albumin, hemoglobin) or a mixture of peptides (tryptone) in 10% sucrose but deposited only small amounts of yolk into oocytes when fed amino acids in 10% sucrose. Focusing on Ae. aegypti, cultures were maintained for multiple generations by feeding adult females protein- or tryptone-sugar meals. Ad libitum access to protein- or tryptone-sugar solutions protracted production of ecdysteroids by the ovaries, vitellogenin by the fat body and protease activity by the midgut albeit at levels that were lower than in blood-fed females. Females also exhibited semi-continual oogenesis and repressed host-seeking behavior. Conclusions Several anautogenous mosquitoes produce eggs when provided ad libitum access to protein- or peptide-sugar meals, but several aspects of oogenesis also differ from females that blood-feed. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ad libitum consumption of protein- or peptide-sucrose solutions stimulates egg formation by prolonging the vitellogenic phase of oogenesis in anautogenous mosquitoes

et al. 2022

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Reciprocal interactions between neuropeptide F and RYamide regulate host attraction in the mosquito Aedes aegypti

Dou,

Chen,

Brown

et al. 2024

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Female mosquitoes produce eggs in gonadotrophic cycles that are divided between a previtellogenic and vitellogenic phase. Previtellogenic females consume water and sugar sources like nectar while also being attracted to hosts for blood feeding. Consumption of a blood meal activates the vitellogenic phase, which produces mature eggs and suppresses host attraction. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that neuropeptide Y-like hormones differentially modulate host attraction behavior in the mosquito Aedes aegypti . A series of experiments collectively indicated that enteroendocrine cells (EECs) in the posterior midgut produce and release neuropeptide F (NPF) into the hemolymph during the previtellogenic phase which stimulates attraction to humans and biting behavior. Consumption of a blood meal, which primarily consists of protein by dry weight, down-regulated NPF in EECs until mature eggs developed, which was associated with a decline in hemolymph titer. NPF depletion depended on protein digestion but was not associated with EEC loss. Other experiments showed that neurons in the terminal ganglion extend axons to the posterior midgut and produce RYamide, which showed evidence of increased secretion into circulation after a blood meal. Injection of RYamide-1 and -2 into previtellogenic females suppressed host attraction, while coinjection of RYamides with or without short NPF-2 also inhibited the host attraction activity of NPF. Overall, our results identify NPF and RYamide as gut-associated hormones in A. aegypti that link host attraction behavior to shifts in diet during sequential gonadotrophic cycles.

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Aedes aegypti (L.) and Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae) Susceptibility and Response to Different Experimental Formulations of a Sodium Ascorbate Toxic Sugar Bait

Tucker

Steele

McDermott

2022

Journal of Medical Entomology

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Attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSBs) require target insects to locate, orient toward, and feed on an insecticidal sugar solution to control populations. Formulating these baits with different attractants and phagostimulants can increase their efficacy by causing insects to choose the ATSB over competing natural sugar sources, and to ingest more of the bait solution. We tested formulations of a 20% sodium ascorbate (SA) ATSB solution using different sugars, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), gallic acid, and six plant volatile compounds to determine their effect on adult Aedes aegypti (L.) and Anopheles stephensi Liston mortality. Baits formulated with fructose or sucrose had no effect on either species, neither did the addition of ATP. Gallic acid increased the survival of Ae. aegypti. Four of the six volatile compounds increased mortality in at least one species. We also examined An. stephensi response to baits formulated with each of the six volatile compounds. Anisaldehyde significantly increased the number of mosquitoes responding toward the SA-ATSB, but increasing the amount had no effect. Addition of anisaldehyde also significantly increased An. stephensi feeding rates on the SA-ATSB, though mosquitoes will avoid the toxic bait if a nontoxic sugar source is available. Formulation of SA-ATSBs with synthetic blends of attractive compounds can increase bait efficacy and consistency, though further research is needed to assess their performance in the field in the presence of natural sugar sources.

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A membrane and blood-free approach to rear adult Aedes albopictus

Cited by 4 publications

References 44 publications

Ad libitum consumption of protein- or peptide-sucrose solutions stimulates egg formation by prolonging the vitellogenic phase of oogenesis in anautogenous mosquitoes

Ad libitum consumption of protein- or peptide-sucrose solutions stimulates egg formation by prolonging the vitellogenic phase of oogenesis in anautogenous mosquitoes

Reciprocal interactions between neuropeptide F and RYamide regulate host attraction in the mosquito Aedes aegypti

Aedes aegypti (L.) and Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae) Susceptibility and Response to Different Experimental Formulations of a Sodium Ascorbate Toxic Sugar Bait

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