A merocyanine-based conductive polymer

Wagner, Klaudia; Zanoni, Michele; Elliott, Anastasia B. S.; Wagner, Paweł; Byrne, Robert; Florea, Larisa; Diamond, Dermot; Gordon, Keith C.; Wallace, Gordon G.; Officer, David L.

doi:10.1039/c3tc30479e

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Fundamental treatments of metal oxidation can be dated back to the early 1900s. [5][6][7] They established the classical parabolic growth kinetics…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal oxidation kinetics and the transition from thin to thick films

Rosso

Bruemmer

2012

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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We report an investigation of growth kinetics and transition from thin to thick films during metal oxidation. In the thin film limit (<20 nm), Cabrera and Mott's theory is usually adopted by explicitly considering ionic drift through the oxide in response to electric fields, where the growth kinetics follow an inverse logarithmic law log(dl/dt) is proportional to 1/l. It is generally accepted that Wagner's theory, involving self-diffusion, is valid only in the limit of thick film regime (>1 μm) and leads to parabolic growth kinetics dl/dt is proportional to 1/l, where l is the oxide film thickness. Theory presented here unifies the two models and provides a complete description of oxidation including the transition from thin to thick film. The range of validity of Cabrera and Mott's theory and Wagner's theory can be well defined in terms of the Debye-Hückel screening length. The transition from drift-dominated ionic transport for thin film to diffusion-dominated transport for thick film is found to strictly follow the direct logarithmic law log(dl/dt) is proportional to -l that is frequently observed in many experiments.

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“…Fundamental treatments of metal oxidation can be dated back to the early 1900s. [5][6][7] They established the classical parabolic growth kinetics…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal oxidation kinetics and the transition from thin to thick films

Rosso

Bruemmer

2012

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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“…Amplitude sweep measurements in Figure 2a show that the blank gel has a higher viscoelastic modulus (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) kPa) compared to the 20k porous gel with a modulus of 6 -7 kPa and the least stiff 2k porous gel …”

Section: Mechanical Stability Of the Gelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The closed, colourless, hydrophobic form referred often as benzospiropyran and the open, coloured, charged merocyanine form. The molecules can be switched between these two forms by light irradiation (photochromism) [15][16][17], electrochemical stimulation (electrochromism) [17][18][19][20], or changing the solvent environment (solvatochromism). [17,21] As a result of these unique properties, spiropyrans have been used, in combination with many different materials, for the fabrication of both sensors, actuators and stimulus responsive materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous self-protonating spiropyran-based NIPAAm gels with improved reswelling kinetics

et al. 2015

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This study focuses on improving the speed of actuation of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based photoresponsive gels containing copolymerised spiropyran as the photoswitch and acrylic acid as the proton source. The improvement is realised by introducing pores into the material. For this purpose, polyethylene glycol (PEG) of two molecular weights (2,000 and 20,000 g mol -1 ) has been used as the porophore in the polymerisation mixture. Upon removal of the PEG porophore post polymerisation, hydrogels of different pore sizes were obtained. This impacts the diffusion of water molecules moving in/out of the hydrogel matrix, thus improving the swelling and shrinking kinetics of the hydrogel due to reduction of the average diffusion pathlength. Most significant improvement was observed in the re-swelling step and is demonstrated with optical microscopy combined with kinetic ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) analysis. Scanning Electron Microscopy reveals the PEG-induced pores to be in the range of 0.1 -2 µm. Moreover, the mechanical stability of the gels is confirmed with rheometry. Lastly, the presented photoresponsive porous gels exhibit an order of magnitude faster reswelling rate compared to the non-PEG produced control sample.

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“…electropolymerization, [24] introduction of an ATRP initiator by ester condensation to a phenolic spiropyran, followed by radical polymerization, [18] polyurethane (PU) formation, [17] hydrosilation, [19] ring-opening polymerization (ROP) with ε-caprolactone, [15] ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), [21] and polycondensation by Suzuki coupling. [25][26][27] The incorporation into polysiloxanes by hydrosilation as well as the usage of ATRP, ROP or M A N U S C R I P T piperidine (2 eq.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversely halogenated spiropyrans - Useful synthetic building blocks for a versatile class of molecular switches

Schulz‐Senft

Gates²,

Sönnichsen

et al. 2017

Dyes and Pigments

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Spiropyrans are dyes that can be reversibly switched to a highly colored merocyanine form by a number of stimuli such as light, mechanical force or temperature. To make use of these molecules, there is a requirement to functionalize them appropriately. Herein we report a library of spiropyrans bearing two (pseudo)halide functional groups on either half of the molecule. Such halide substituents are valuable, because they themselves may be used as reactive sites in cross-coupling reactions, for example. Different combinations of halides, for which different reactivities in cross-coupling reactions may be expected, will facilitate selective consecutive cross-coupling reactions and condensations. Data concerning the UVvis characteristics, the photostationary equilibria of the materials as well as the half-life of the merocyanine forms in solution are presented.

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A merocyanine-based conductive polymer

Cited by 19 publications

References 20 publications

Metal oxidation kinetics and the transition from thin to thick films

Metal oxidation kinetics and the transition from thin to thick films

Porous self-protonating spiropyran-based NIPAAm gels with improved reswelling kinetics

Diversely halogenated spiropyrans - Useful synthetic building blocks for a versatile class of molecular switches

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