A meta-analysis of blood lead levels in India and the attributable burden of disease

Ericson, Bret; Dowling, Russell; Dey, Subhojit; Caravanos, Jack; Mishra, Navya; Fisher, Samantha; Ramirez, Myla; Sharma, Promila; McCartor, Andrew; Guin, Pradeep; Taylor, Mark Patrick; Fuller, Richard

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.047

Cited by 30 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The average blood lead level of the sample population in our study was 5.0386 ± 1.63 µg/dL. This is lower compared to the average Indian blood lead level estimated in a meta-analysis by Ericson et al In their meta-analysis of 31 studies and 5,472 subjects, the average blood lead level was 7.52 µg/dL [ 16 ]. A study by Iyer et al, which included a large pan-India cohort of 2,22,668 subjects, observed that the average blood lead level in the Indian population aged 20-40 years was 4.2 µg/dL [ 10 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

Association Between Blood Lead Levels and Hypertension in a South Indian Population: A Case-Control Study

Maslekar¹,

Kumar²,

Krishnamurthy³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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Background Exposure to lead and its accumulation in the body can lead to progressive adverse effects, including increased blood pressure which is associated with the onset of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we aimed to determine the relationship between blood lead levels and blood pressure. In addition, we compared blood lead levels between hypertensives and normotensives to determine relationships, if any, between lead exposure and high blood pressure. Methodology This was a hospital-based, case-control study. In total, 102 individuals (hypertensives = 51, normotensives = 51) were included in this study. Hypertensive patients (defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) of ≥140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of ≥90 mmHg, or taking antihypertensive medication for regulating blood pressure) were considered to be study cases and normotensive individuals were considered to be study controls. Blood lead levels were compared between the two groups, and the effects of blood lead levels on SBP and DBP were estimated. The blood lead levels were measured using optical emission spectrometry. Results The mean blood lead level among hypertensive individuals (5.5743 ± 1.77 µg/dL) was significantly higher compared to normotensive individuals (4.5029 ± 1.3213 µg/dL, P = 0.001). A positive correlation was detected between blood lead levels and SBP (r = 0.304, P = 0.002). However, no significant correlation was found between blood lead levels and DBP. Conclusions Blood lead levels were significantly higher in hypertensive patients compared to normotensive individuals. A significant positive correlation was observed between blood lead levels and SBP.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

Association Between Blood Lead Levels and Hypertension in a South Indian Population: A Case-Control Study

Maslekar¹,

Kumar²,

Krishnamurthy³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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“…Currently CDC statement considers no BLL to be safe for children [5]. The median BLL 3.5 μg/dL (IQR 0.9) observed in the present study is lower than mean BLL of children from other parts of India [9]. Invariably 18.8% of children crossed the CDC intervention level of 5 μg/dL in the present study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

“…A recent meta analysis reported pooled arithmetic mean for BLL in Indian children to be 6.86 μg/dL (95% CI: 4.38-9.35). This analysis did not have any representation from Rajasthan state [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood lead level in school going children of Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India

Sharma

Mitra

Bhardwaj

et al. 2021

Turkish Journal of Biochemistry

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Objectives Lead exposure in children contributes to 600,000 new cases of intellectual disabilities every year with maximum occurrence in developing countries. Currently limited information is available on the blood lead level (BLL) in children of India. The aim was to estimate BLL in the school going children of local population of Jodhpur. Methods Four hundred twenty-six primary school children of government and private schools participated in this cross sectional study. Information regarding possible lead exposure was collected. BLL was estimated on Lead Care II analyser (Magellan Diagnostics, USA). Results The mean and median BLL were 4.25 ± 1.75 μg/dL (<3.3–22.6 μg/dL) and 3.5 μg/dL (Inter Quartile Range 0.9). BLL was higher in children of illiterate mothers, those residing near traffic dense areas, urban region and studying in government schools of urban region. Conclusions BLL in children residing in Jodhpur is much higher in comparison to western counterparts. Screening and awareness programs regarding potential sources of lead exposure can help in improving BLL.

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“…A Spanish study [ 24 ] found that the geometric mean BLL was 2.4 μg/dL in adult participants. A meta-analysis from India [ 25 ] noted a mean BLL of 7.52 μg/dL in non-occupationally exposed adult participants. The median BLL was 9.9 μg/dl in Congo adult participants [ 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trend in blood lead levels in Taiwanese adults 2005–2017

et al. 2021

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This study examined the trend of blood lead levels (BLLs) in Taiwanese adults and analyzed the variations in the BLL between Linkou (northern) and Kaohsiung (southern) hospital branches. Between 2005 and 2017, 3,804 adult participants received blood lead tests at the Linkou (n = 2,674) and Kaohsiung (n = 1,130) branches of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. The geometric mean of BLL was 2.77 μg/dL. The adult participants from the Kaohsiung branch were not only age older (49.8±14.1 versus 39.4±14.2 years; P<0.001) and male predominant (65.8 versus 41.7%; P<0.001) but also showed a higher BLL (4.45±3.93 versus 2.82±2.42 μg/dL; P<0.001) and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (87.62±25.94 versus 93.67±23.88; P<0.001) than those from the Linkou branch. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the Kaohsiung branch [odds ratio (OR): 7.143; 95% confident interval (CI): 5.682–8.929; P<0.001], older age (OR: 1.008; 95% CI: 1.000–1.015; P = 0.043) and reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (OR: 1.009; 95% CI: 1.004–1.014; P = 0.001) were significant predictors for BLL > 5 μg/dL. Therefore, this study confirmed a continuous decreasing trend in the BLL in Taiwan after banning leaded petrol in 2000.

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A meta-analysis of blood lead levels in India and the attributable burden of disease

Cited by 30 publications

References 59 publications

Association Between Blood Lead Levels and Hypertension in a South Indian Population: A Case-Control Study

Association Between Blood Lead Levels and Hypertension in a South Indian Population: A Case-Control Study

Blood lead level in school going children of Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India

Trend in blood lead levels in Taiwanese adults 2005–2017

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