A meta–analysis of functional neuroimaging in obsessive–compulsive disorder

Whiteside, Stephen P.; Port, John D.; Abramowitz, Jonathan S.

doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2004.07.001

Cited by 431 publications

(273 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Among these regions, some areas have been determined as "key brain regions", including orbito-frontal cortex (OFC), thalamus, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and caudate nucleus. In a recent metaanalysis study, Whiteside et al [7] also emphasized these structures in the pathophysiology of OCD. However, the structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings regarding these regions are inconsistent.…”

Section: Key Brain Regionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the prevalence, the chronic course, and the functional interference of OCD, it is important to elucidate variables underlying this disorder [2] , particularly when considering treatment of refractory ones. A majority of OCD cases (40%-60%) respond to serotonin reuptake inhibitors, alone or in combination with other medications, and cognitive behavior therapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In that period, in patients demonstrating sequela of encephalitis lethargica after in-fluenza epidemies, involuntary movements, obsessions and compulsions occurred simultaneously, implying that basal ganglia might be involved in OCD. The functional imaging techniques which indirectly measure activity levels in specific brain areas were used to determine whether the structures thought to be involved in OCD were abnormally active in patients with this disorder [7] . Furthermore, after both pharmacotherapy and behavioral psychotherapy, there showed some changes in the activities of basal ganglia and prefrontal regions [8] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of structural neuroimaging in patients with refractory obsessivecompulsive disorder

Atmaca

2011

Neurosci. Bull.

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Abstract:The notion that some special brain regions may be involved in the pathogenesis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) dates back to the beginning of the twentieth century. Structural neuroimaging studies in the past 2 decades have revealed important findings that facilitate understanding of OCD pathogenesis. Current knowledge based on functional and structural neuroimaging investigations largely emphasizes abnormalities in fronto-striatal-thalamic-cortical and orbitofronto-striato-thalamic circuits in the pathophysiology of OCD. However, these neuroimaging studies did not focus on refractory OCD. The present review mainly focused on structural neuroimaging performed in OCD, which had been ignored previously, and highlighted current evidence supporting that orbito-frontal cortex and thalamus are key brain regions, and that the hippocampus-amygdala complex is associated with refractoriness to the available treatment strategies.However, to fully reveal the neuroanatomy of refractoriness, longitudinal studies with larger samples are required.

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Section: Key Brain Regionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of structural neuroimaging in patients with refractory obsessivecompulsive disorder

Atmaca

2011

Neurosci. Bull.

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“…47 Given that the blocking effect of high-frequency DBS on the stimulated area mimics the effect of tissue lesioning, 26,27 DBS applied to specific areas (the anterior limbs of the internal capsula) would interrupt these hyperactive circuits in the same way as traditional neurosurgical procedures. However, DBS does not cause the irreversible ablation of brain Review Article…”

Section: Deep Brain Stimulation Studies In Obsessivecompulsive Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Stimulation Techniques in the Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Current and Future Directions

et al. 2005

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Recent studies on the epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) estimate 50 million patients suffer from OCD worldwide, thus making it a global problem. The treatment of OCD has changed substantially over the last 2 decades following the introduction of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, which provide symptom improvement in ~60% of patients. However, some patients remain resistant to the standard pharmacologic and behavioral treatments. Although some Needs AssessmentIn the last decade, brain stimulation approaches to neuropsychiatric disorders have been increasingly investigated and are currently defining a "third way" of treatment besides the traditional ones, pharmacologic therapy and psychotherapy. Although some of these techniques are well-established treatments for specific conditions (ie, electroconvulsive therapy for severe depression or deep brain stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation in motor disorders) their efficacy in severe or treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder is still under investigation. Nevertheless, they represent a potential, helpful approach in this highly debilitating condition not only amongst the therapeutic approaches to obsessive-compulsive disorder but also as research means able to elucidate the specific dysfunctional neurocircuits underlying the clinical symptomatology. Learning ObjectivesAt the end of this activity, the participant should be able to:• Differentiate the specific techniques of brain stimulation investigated in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in terms of efficacy, invasiveness, tolerability, and side effects.• Understand the main hypotheses through which these techniques might modify the dysfunctional circuits of OCD.• Understand the potential of these techniques in the field of treatment-resistant OCD, on one hand, and their current investigational state that requires further controlled clinical trials, on the other hand. Target Audience Neurologists and psychiatrists Accreditation StatementMount Sinai School of Medicine is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide Continuing Medical Education for physicians.Mount Sinai School of Medicine designates this educational activity for a maximum of 3.0 Category 1 credit(s) toward the AMA Physician's Recognition Award. Each physician should claim only those credits that he/she actually spent in the educational activity.It is the policy of Mount Sinai School of Medicine to ensure fair balance, independence, objectivity and scientific rigor in all its sponsored activities. All faculty participating in sponsored activities are expected to disclose to the audience any real or apparent discussion of unlabeled or investigational use of any commercial product or device not yet approved in the United States.This activity has been peer-reviewed and approved by Eric Hollander, MD, professor of psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine. Review Date: November 1, 2005. To Receive Credit for This ActivityRead this article, and...

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“…In general, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) investigations of OCD have revealed a relationship between altered activity in the frontal-striatal areas including the OFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), basal ganglia, and the parietal cortex, and cognitive inflexibility [16, 17]. In their review dealing with integrating evidence from neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies of OCD, Menzies et al .…”

Section: Functional and Neurochemical Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Psychopharmacologic and Therapeutic Approaches on Neuro-imaging in Obsessive-compulsive Disorder

Atmaca

2013

Current Neuropharmacology

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The neurobiological etiopathogenesis of OCD is still obscure. Neuroimaging studies have been very influential in shaping neurobiological models of OCD. Investigations performed within last twenty years have revealed some important findings and proposed that specific cortico-striato-thalamic circuits are involved in the mediation of its symptoms. The effects of antiobsessional drugs and cognitive behavioral therapy on structural and functional imaging have been evaluated in limited size of investigations. In structural investigations, in summary, it was found key brain regions in the pathophysiology of OCD and amygdala to change volumetrically by treatment. In functional and neurochemical investigations, by using different treatment modalities, cortico-striatal function disablements and NAA changes in a variety of brain regions were reported. In this paper, these limited data are reviewed. It is clear that there is so many things to be performed in the future researches on the effects of therapy on brains of the patients with OCD.

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A meta–analysis of functional neuroimaging in obsessive–compulsive disorder

Cited by 431 publications

References 38 publications

Review of structural neuroimaging in patients with refractory obsessivecompulsive disorder

Review of structural neuroimaging in patients with refractory obsessivecompulsive disorder

Brain Stimulation Techniques in the Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Current and Future Directions

The Effects of Psychopharmacologic and Therapeutic Approaches on Neuro-imaging in Obsessive-compulsive Disorder

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