A meta-analysis of immunogenicity and safety of two versus single-doses of influenza A (H1N1) vaccine in person living with HIV

Abstract

Purpose: Influenza vaccination of person living with HIV (PLWH) is a powerful means to tackle severe clinical outcomes. Few data on two doses of influenza vaccine in PLWH are available. Research Design: To evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of two doses of vaccine as compared with single dose in PLWH, we searched Pubmed, Embase, and web of science databases for relevant articles (January 2009 to April 2023). Pooled SMD or RR and 95% CI were calculated. Results: A total of 2436 participants from 14 studies were included. Compared to single dose influenza vaccine regimen, the pooled RR of seroprotection and seroconversion for two doses of vaccines was 1.14 (95%CI: 1.08–1.21) and 1.25 (95%CI: 1.16–1.34), respectively; the SMD of GMT was 0.42 (95%CI: 0.35, 0.49). Regarding safety, the fever risk in PLWH receiving two doses of vaccine was 3.42 fold higher than that of single dose vaccine, and the risk of myalgia had a quarter reduction. No serious vaccine-related adverse events were reported. Conclusions: Collectively, two doses of the vaccine are associated with a better immunogenicity and an acceptable safety in PLWH. Two doses of the adjuvant vaccination might be a superior vaccination regimen.nation regimen.