“…Akujuru notes that Smith's definition is helpful in describing the situation in the Niger Delta. In Simons and Saginor (2006), environmental sources that influence residential property values were identified as leaking underground storage, Superfund sites, landfills, water and air pollution, power lines, pipeline ruptures (oil spill), nuclear power plants, animal feedlots, and several other urban nuisance uses. In the Niger Delta, pipeline rupture frequently occurs, leading to oil spills, and whenever a major oil spill occurs, the prime focus is to determine how much of the oil or other contaminant can be recovered, how much beach area can be cleaned, and how many birds, sea mammals, and fish hatcheries can be protected (Freeman & Koop, 1989).…”