A Meta-Analysis of Resistance Training in Female Youth: Its Effect on Muscular Strength, and Shortcomings in the Literature

Moran, Jason; Sandercock, Gavin; Ramírez‐Campillo, Rodrigo; Clark, Cain C. T.; Fernandes, John; Drury, Benjamin

doi:10.1007/s40279-018-0914-4

Cited by 74 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…That we observed better reliability in those pre‐PHV than their more mature counterparts might be due to the well‐established disruptions in motor performance that occur during maturation . Moreover, these data reinforce the importance of categorizing youths by maturation rather than chronological age y . Nonetheless, the reliability of left and right limb, bilateral and relative peak force for the mid‐post‐PHV group was still acceptable and thus typical changes in strength can still be detected.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

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The influence of maturation on the reliability of the Nordic hamstring exercise in male youth footballers

et al. 2019

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This study sought to establish the reliability of the Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) in male youth football players. Sixty‐four youth football players completed two x three repetitions of the NHE, separated by 1 week. Eccentric hamstring strength was during the NHE using the NordBord. Participants were categorized via maturity offset (based on peak height velocity [PHV]) and age. For all dependent variables and groups, the typical error (TE) was greater than the smallest worthwhile change. Reliability for left, right, bilateral, and relative peak force for the U11s (TE = 0.26‐11.1N, coefficient of variation [CV] = 5.9%‐7.4%), U13s (TE = 0.28‐17.9N, CVs = 5.6%‐7.8%) and U16s (TE = 0.28‐24.3, CVs = 6.6%‐8.7%) was favorable and demonstrated no clear pattern between groups. According to PHV, those less mature provided smaller TEs (0.22‐9.3N) and CVs (4.8%‐5.7%) compared with their more mature counterparts (TE = 0.30‐22.5N, CVs = 7.2%‐8.5%). For all age and maturation groups, imbalances yielded poor reliability (TE = 7.1‐10.8N, CVs = 33.1%‐38.3%). Eccentric left and right limb, bilateral and relative hamstring peak force can reliably be measured during the NHE across maturation stages. Applied practitioners should exercise caution when assessing muscular imbalances using the NHE.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…34 Moreover, these data reinforce the importance of categorizing youths by maturation rather than chronological age y. 11,41 Nonetheless, the reliability of left and right limb, bilateral and relative peak force for the midpost-PHV group was still acceptable and thus typical changes in strength can still be detected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

The influence of maturation on the reliability of the Nordic hamstring exercise in male youth footballers

et al. 2019

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“…Such results seems to contrast with those observed after traditional resistance training programs in youths. For example, a recent meta-analysis (28) observed greater gains in maximal strength in older more mature females (ES=0.72) compared to their younger less mature counterparts (ES=0.38) when resistance training interventions were analyzed. Similarly, in a study conducted in male youth (31), greater gains in maximal strength were observed in older more mature youth (ES=1.3, large) compared to their younger less mature counterparts (ES=0.8, moderate) after 8 weeks of resistance training.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, to optimize strength enhancement, it seems that the combination of different types of plyometrics with weight-training is a relevant issue (49). Considering that maturation may exert a moderating role in the adaptive response of maximal strength of youth after resistance training (28,31), further research is warranted in regard to the potential role of maturation on the adaptive response of maximal strength of youth after combined resistance training and different doses of plyometric jump drills.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Maturation on Physical Fitness Adaptations to Plyometric Drop Jump Training in Male Youth Soccer Players

Vera-Assaoka

Ramírez‐Campillo

Álvarez

et al. 2020

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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The objective of the present study was to compare the effects of maturation on physical fitness adaptations to a twice weekly, 7-week plyometric drop jump training program. Seventy-six young male soccer players (aged 10-16 years) participated in this randomized controlled trial. Before and after the intervention a physical fitness test battery was applied (countermovement jump; drop jump from 20-cm and 40-cm; 5 multiple bounds test; 20-m sprint-time; change of direction speed; 2.4-km running time trial; five-repetition maximum squat; and maximal kicking distance). Participants were randomly divided into an active soccer-control group with Tanner stage maturation of 1-3 (CG-early; n=16) or Tanner stage 4-5 (CG-late; n=22), and to plyometric drop jump training groups with Tanner stage 1-3 (PJT-early; n=16) or 4-5 (PJT-late; n=22). The analysis of variance and effect size measures revealed that when compared to their age-matched controls, the PJT-early (ES= 0.39 to 1.58) and PJT-late (ES= 0.21 to 0.65) groups showed greater improvements (p<0.05) in sprint-time, 2.4-km running time trial, change of direction speed, five repetition maximum squat, jumping, and kicking distance. The PJT-early exceeded the PJT-late group with greater (p<0.05) improvements in drop jump from 20-cm (ES= 1.58 vs. 0.51) and 40-cm (ES= 0.71 vs. 0.4) and kicking distance (ES= 0.95 vs. 0.65). Therefore, a 7week plyometric drop jump training program was effective in improving physical fitness traits in both younger and older male youth soccer players, with greater jumping and kicking adaptations in the less mature athletes.

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“…It is note worthy that the female players in our study did not show any differences in shoulder strength during their three-year period at a handball-profiled secondary school. It is doubtful that growth maturity per se would be a significant primary factor here, since several previous studies have shown that other strength and power measures such as bench press, counter movement jumps, deep squat and clean jerks could be improved significantly during this age period in female players (124,125). The lack of increased shoulder strength in females during this period is a novel and interesting finding that could contribute to the higher prevalence of shoulder problems seen in the female players in this thesis.…”

Section: School Grade Differences In Shoulder Strengthmentioning

confidence: 98%

Preseason Clinical Shoulder Test Results and Shoulder Injury Rate in Adolescent Elite Handball Players: A Prospective Study

Asker¹,

Waldén²,

Källberg³

et al. 2020

Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy

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Objective To investigate whether adolescent elite female and male handball players with shoulder muscle weakness, deficits in shoulder rotation range of motion (ROM) or in joint position sense (JPS), or scapular dyskinesis in the preseason had a higher rate of new shoulder injuries compared to players without these characteristics. Design Prospective cohort study. Methods We studied 344 uninjured players (452 player-seasons, 50% female). We measured their shoulder strength in isometric external rotation (IER), isometric internal rotation (IIR), isometric abduction, and eccentric external rotation, as well as their shoulder ROM, JPS, and scapular dyskinesis, during the preseason. Players were monitored weekly regarding match and training hours and shoulder injuries during 1 or 2 seasons. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazard models to calculate hazard rate ratios related to the first injury and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results During 2 seasons, the participants reported 48 new shoulder injuries. In female players, the hazard rate ratio was 2.37 (95% CI: 1.03, 5.44) for IER weakness and 2.44 (95% CI: 1.06, 5.61) for IIR weakness. The hazard rate ratio was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.39, 1.83) for an IER/IIR ratio of less than 0.75 and 1.53 (95% CI: 0.36, 6.52) for scapular dyskinesis. In male players, the hazard rate ratio was 1.02 (95% CI: 0.44, 2.36) for IER weakness, 0.74 (95% CI: 0.31, 1.75) for IIR weakness, 2.0 (95% CI: 0.68, 5.92) for an IER/IIR ratio of less than 0.75, and 3.43 (95% CI: 1.49, 7.92) for scapular dyskinesis. There were no associations between new shoulder injuries and deficits in ROM or JPS. Conclusion In adolescent elite handball, male players with preseason scapular dyskinesis and female players with preseason IIR or IER shoulder weakness had an increased shoulder injury rate. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2020;50(2):67–74. Epub 27 Nov 2019. doi:10.2519/jospt.2020.9044

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A Meta-Analysis of Resistance Training in Female Youth: Its Effect on Muscular Strength, and Shortcomings in the Literature

Abstract: Resistance training is effective in female youth. These findings can be used to inform the prescription of RT in female youth.

Cited by 74 publications

References 85 publications

The influence of maturation on the reliability of the Nordic hamstring exercise in male youth footballers

The influence of maturation on the reliability of the Nordic hamstring exercise in male youth footballers

Effects of Maturation on Physical Fitness Adaptations to Plyometric Drop Jump Training in Male Youth Soccer Players

Preseason Clinical Shoulder Test Results and Shoulder Injury Rate in Adolescent Elite Handball Players: A Prospective Study

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