A Meta‐Analysis of Risk Factors That Predict Psychopathology Following Accidental Trauma

Cox, Catherine M.; Kenardy, Justin; Hendrikz, Joan

doi:10.1111/j.1744-6155.2008.00141.x

Cited by 111 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Limitations of this study include the lack of information on pre-injury behavioural functioning that prevented to examine a causal relationship between the burn event and postburn child problems. In other studies after accidental trauma [13,46], pretrauma behaviour was strongly linked to behaviour after traumatic injuries. In general, it is difficult to gather reliable (parent-reported) information concerning child pre-injury behaviour problems once admitted to the hospital, but it should nevertheless be a point of attention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

The relationship between behavioural problems in preschool children and parental distress after a paediatric burn event

Bakker

Heijden

Son

et al. 2014

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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This study examines mother-and father-rated emotional and behaviour problems in and worries about 0-to 5-year-old children at 3 and 12 months after a burn event and the relation with parental distress. Mothers (n = 150) and fathers (n = 125) representing 155 children participated in this study. Child emotional and behaviour problems and parental worries about the child were assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist at both time points. Parents' level of acute subjective distress was assessed within the first month after the burn event with the Impact of Event Scale. Mothers and fathers held comparable views of their child's emotional and behaviour problems, which were generally within the normal limits. Parents' own acute stress reactions were significantly related to parent-rated child behaviour problems at 3 and 12 months postburn. A substantial part of mothers' and fathers' worries about the child concerned physical and emotional aspects of the burn trauma, and potential future social problems. Parents with high acute stress scores more often reported burn-related concerns about their child at 3 and 12 months postburn. Health-care professionals should be informed that parents' distress in the subacute phase of their child's burn event may be related to subsequent worries about their child and to (parent-observed) child emotional and behaviour problems. The authors recommend a family perspective, with particular attention for the interplay between parents' distress and parent-reported child behaviour problems and worries, in each phase of paediatric burn care.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

The relationship between behavioural problems in preschool children and parental distress after a paediatric burn event

Bakker

Heijden

Son

et al. 2014

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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“…Also of note, traumatic injuries incurred before 2001 were independently associated with an increased risk of postinjury psychiatric diagnoses and psychotropic medication prescription. Prior reports suggest that pre-event psychopathology and recurrent trauma among youths and their family members are associated with an increased risk of developing PTSD and related psychiatric disorders (1,21,22,30,55). These collective findings suggest that postinjury screening and intervention protocols in acute care and pediatric practice settings may need to target high-risk children and adolescents who have been exposed to multiple injury events or who have a history of psychiatric disturbances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Traumatic Injury and Psychiatric Disorders and Medication Prescription to Youths Aged 10–19

Zatzick¹,

Grossman²

2011

Psychiatric Services

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Objective Few clinical epidemiologic investigations have assessed whether youths exposed to a traumatic injury demonstrate elevations in the full spectrum of provider-recognized psychiatric disorders compared with unexposed, noninjured youths. Methods In a population-based prospective cohort study, data for children and adolescents aged ten to 19 who were enrolled in the Group Health Cooperative health plan were screened for injury visits in the index year of 2001 (N = 20,507). Psychiatric diagnoses, including anxiety and acute stress, depressive, substance use, and disruptive behavior disorders, given to these youths over the next three years (2002–2004) were documented, as were psychotropic medication prescriptions. Regression analyses assessed for an independent association between injury and psychiatric disorders and prescription of psychotropic medication. Results In adjusted regression analyses, injury in the index year was independently associated with significantly increased odds of receiving a diagnosis of anxiety or acute stress (odds ratio [OR] = 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02–1.44), depression (OR = 1.30, CI = 1.10–1.53), and a substance use disorder (OR = 1.56, CI = 1.21–2.00) and of receiving a psychotropic medication prescription (OR = 1.37, CI = 1.20–1.57). Youths with traumatic brain injuries also were significantly more likely to receive psychotropic medication prescriptions. Conclusions Traumatic injury was independently associated with an increased risk of receiving a full spectrum of anxiety, depressive, and substance use diagnoses among youths aged ten to 19. Population-based surveillance procedures that incorporate screening and stepped-care interventions targeting the spectrum of postinjury emotional disturbances have the potential to improve the quality of mental health care for youths treated in general medical settings.

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“…In warfare studies of PTSD in children, incidence rates between 25% to 70% are reported depending on type of exposure and type of warfare [2,22]. A number of studies have reported level of exposure and trauma severity as two main risk factors of PTSD [12,[23][24][25]. Trickey and colleagues [5] have identified trauma severity as the trauma characteristic most strongly associated with risk of PTSD in children and adolescents but suggest that trauma severity may be difficult to differentiate from trauma exposure.…”

Section: The Omagh Bombingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have also been conflicting findings regarding the relationship between gender and PTSD with some studies recording PTSD in girls at twice the rate as in boys [7]. Whist several studies have reported gender as a significant risk factor [12,21,24,29,32], Trickey and colleagues [5] reported female gender to be a consistent although statistically small risk factor and a stronger risk factor in older children and adolescents and also when the trauma is unintentional. Whilst girls seem more vulnerable to internalizing stress reactions, boys display more externalizing behaviour disturbance [24,33].…”

Section: The Omagh Bombingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have identified a number of pre-trauma risk factors including; prior traumas [20] prior psychiatric problems [25,32,34] and family cohesion [35]. Whilst type and severity of exposure are recognised as important predictors of PTSD in adults and children, studies have reported other specific peri-trauma factors including: a strong acute trauma response [23,36,37], witnessing dead people [26], being physically injured [10] and perceived life threat [24,36,37]. Post trauma factors associated with PTSD in children include: social support [25] and co-morbidity, especially depression and generalised anxiety [38][39][40].…”

Section: The Omagh Bombingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A School Based Study of Psychological Disturbance in Children Following the Omagh Bomb

McDermott¹,

Duffy²,

Percy³

et al. 2015

Holistic Perspectives on Trauma

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Objective: To assess the extent and nature of psychiatric morbidity among children (aged 8 to 13 years) 15 months after a car bomb explosion in the town of Omagh, Northern Ireland.Method: A survey was conducted of 1945 school children attending 13 schools in the Omagh district. Questionnaires included demographic details, measures of exposure, the Horowitz Impact of Events Scale, the Birleson Self-Rating Depression Scale, and the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale.Results: Children directly exposed to the bomb reported higher levels of probable PTSD (70%), and psychological distress than those not exposed. Direct exposure was more closely associated with an increase in PTSD symptoms than in general psychiatric distress. Significant predictors of increased IES scores included being male, witnessing people injured and reporting a perceived life threat but when co-morbid anxiety and depression are included as potential predictors anxiety remains the only significant predictor of PTSD scores. Conclusions:School-based studies are a potentially valuable means of screening and assessing for PTSD in children after large-scale tragedies. Assessment should consider type of exposure, perceived life threat and other co-morbid anxiety as risk factors for PTSD.

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A Meta‐Analysis of Risk Factors That Predict Psychopathology Following Accidental Trauma

Cited by 111 publications

References 52 publications

The relationship between behavioural problems in preschool children and parental distress after a paediatric burn event

The relationship between behavioural problems in preschool children and parental distress after a paediatric burn event

Association Between Traumatic Injury and Psychiatric Disorders and Medication Prescription to Youths Aged 10–19

A School Based Study of Psychological Disturbance in Children Following the Omagh Bomb

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