“…Specifically, the papers collected represent studies on each of the four components of intelligent learning environments: the learners, the processes, environments, and the processes. Specifically, studies relevant to learners either at the formal modeling level (Fang et al, 2019;Shih et al, 2019;Wilson et al, 2019;Wu, 2019), at the cognitive processing level (Shih et al, 2019;Wu, 2019), or conducted studies to compare different learner populations (Shih et al, 2019;Wu, 2019). The collected studies either compare different learning environments (Fang et al, 2019;Wu, 2019) or study the effect of variations of other components in a given learning environment such as Game (Shih et al, 2019), Intelligent tutoring systems (Sun et al, 2019;Wu, 2019), or Virtual reality (Nisha, 2019).…”