A meta-analysis of the prevalence of African animal trypanosomiasis in Nigeria from 1960 to 2017

Odeniran, Paul Olalekan; Ademola, Isaiah Oluwafemi

doi:10.1186/s13071-018-2801-0

Cited by 36 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Previous surveys identified mainly T. congolense and T. vivax as animal pathogenic trypanosomes in Nigeria (summarised in [12]). Our data are in accordance with this finding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, AAT is known to be highly prevalent. A meta-analysis of reports on AAT in Nigeria obtained over the last six decades (1960–2017) revealed a continuous burden of the disease in cattle and prevalence of the parasites in tsetse [12]. Recent studies that relied on molecular identification of trypanosomes in tsetse [13–15] and cattle [16, 17] found T. vivax and T. congolense to be the most prevalent trypanosomes in different areas of Nigeria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic diversity of trypanosome species in tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) in Nigeria

et al. 2019

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Background Trypanosomes cause disease in humans and livestock in sub-Saharan Africa and rely on tsetse flies as their main insect vector. Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa; however, only limited information about the occurrence and diversity of trypanosomes circulating in the country is available. Methods Tsetse flies were collected from five different locations in or adjacent to protected areas, i.e. national parks and game reserves, in Nigeria. Proboscis and gut samples were analysed for trypanosome DNA by molecular amplification of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region and part of the trypanosome specific glycosomal glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gGAPDH) gene. Results The most abundant Trypanosoma species found in the tsetse gut was T. grayi, a trypanosome infecting crocodiles. It was ubiquitously distributed throughout the country, accounting for over 90% of all cases involving trypanosomes. Trypanosoma congolense was detected in gut samples from all locations except Cross River National Park, but not in the proboscis, while T. brucei (sensu lato) was not detected at all. In proboscis samples, T. vivax was the most prominent. The sequence diversity of gGAPDH suggests that T. vivax and T. grayi represent genetically diverse species clusters. This implies that they are highly dynamic populations. Conclusions The prevalence of animal pathogenic trypanosomes throughout Nigeria emphasises the role of protected areas as reservoirs for livestock trypanosomes. The genetic diversity observed within T. vivax and T. grayi populations might be an indication for changing pathogenicity or host range and the origin and consequences of this diversity has to be further investigated.

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“…Previous surveys identified mainly T. congolense and T. vivax as animal pathogenic trypanosomes in Nigeria (summarised in [12]). Our data are in accordance with this finding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of trypanosome species in tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) in Nigeria

et al. 2019

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“…northern Nigeria, Cameroon and Chad [8][9][10]. The abundance of biting flies throughout the year is important in the epidemiology of the disease and parasite diversities among livestock hosts [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical modelling and control of African animal trypanosomosis with interacting populations in West Africa—Could biting flies be important in main taining the disease endemicity?

et al. 2020

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African animal trypanosomosis (AAT) is transmitted cyclically by tsetse flies and mechanically by biting flies (tabanids and stomoxyines) in West Africa. AAT caused by Trypanosoma congolense, T. vivax and T. brucei brucei is a major threat to the cattle industry. A mathematical model involving three vertebrate hosts (cattle, small ruminants and wildlife) and three vector flies (Tsetse flies, tabanids and stomoxyines) was described to identify elimination strategies. The basic reproduction number (R0) was obtained with respect to the growth rate of infected wildlife (reservoir hosts) present around the susceptible population using a next generation matrix technique. With the aid of suitable Lyapunov functions, stability analyses of disease-free and endemic equilibria were established. Simulation of the predictive model was presented by solving the system of ordinary differential equations to explore the behaviour of the model. An operational area in southwest Nigeria was simulated using generated pertinent data. The R0 < 1 in the formulated model indicates the elimination of AAT. The comprehensive use of insecticide treated targets and insecticide treated cattle (ITT/ITC) affected the feeding tsetse and other biting flies resulting in R0 < 1. The insecticide type, application timing and method, expertise and environmental conditions could affect the model stability. In areas with abundant biting flies and no tsetse flies, T. vivax showed R0 > 1 when infected wildlife hosts were present. High tsetse populations revealed R0 <1 for T. vivax when ITT and ITC were administered, either individually or together. Elimination of the transmitting vectors of AAT could cost a total of US$ 1,056,990 in southwest Nigeria. Hence, AAT in West Africa can only be controlled by strategically applying insecticides targeting all transmitting vectors, appropriate use of trypanocides, and institutionalising an appropriate barrier between the domestic and sylvatic areas.

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“…Trypanosoma species are transmitted by tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) and other biting insects [1,2]. Four species of Glossina (Glossina palpalis palpalis, Glossina tachinoides, Glossina morsitans submorsitans, and Glossina longipalpis) are important in the transmission of the disease in Nigeria [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genital lesions in cows naturally infected with trypanosomes in Abuja, Nigeria

et al. 2021

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Background and Aim: Different species of trypanosomes have been reported to cause varying degrees of reproductive disorders in pregnant and non-pregnant animals under experimental infections. Information on reproductive disorders and losses in animals naturally infected with trypanosome species are few. This study was carried out to assess the abnormalities in the genital organs (ovaries, oviduct, uterus, cervix, and vagina) of female cattle naturally infected with trypanosomes in and around Abuja, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Cows showing signs such as emaciation, weakness, or anemia were selected and examined at Gwagwalada and Karu abattoirs, respectively. Venous blood samples were taken from 108 of such animals and screened using standard trypanosome detection methods. The genital organs were also collected and inspected for gross and histopathological lesions in the laboratory. Results: Six (5.55%) out of the 108 animals were positive for trypanosomes; 4 (66.7%) were infected with Trypanosoma vivax and 2 (33.3%) were infected with Trypanosoma congolense. The mean packed cell volume of the infected animals was 22.83%. Grossly, congestion and ecchymotic hemorrhages were observed in the endometrium, myometrium, and cervical submucosa. Mucometra, hydrometra, and pyometra were also seen in the uterus. Histologically, necrosis of the epithelium and endometrial glands accompanied by mononuclear cellular infiltration was observed in the uterus. There was also sloughing of the endometrial epithelium, vascular congestion, and hypertrophy of serosa of the uterus. There was atropy of the granulosa cells, increased numbers of degenerating tertiary follicles, and absence of corpora lutea in the ovary. No gross or histopathological lesions were observed in the fallopian tube and vagina. Conclusion: The lesions observed were restricted to the uterus and ovary of the animals and were less severe when compared to lesions observed under experimental conditions as reported by previous authors.

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A meta-analysis of the prevalence of African animal trypanosomiasis in Nigeria from 1960 to 2017

Cited by 36 publications

References 64 publications

Genetic diversity of trypanosome species in tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) in Nigeria

Genetic diversity of trypanosome species in tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) in Nigeria

Mathematical modelling and control of African animal trypanosomosis with interacting populations in West Africa—Could biting flies be important in main taining the disease endemicity?

Genital lesions in cows naturally infected with trypanosomes in Abuja, Nigeria

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