A Meta-Analysis to Detect Efficacy of Physical Activity Interventions to Enhance Effects Related to the Fragility among Older Adults

Abstract

Background. The role of physical activity is well-known to intercept the condition of fragility and decrease its outcomes. This study aimed to determine the efficacious physical activity intervention measure which enhances the outcomes associated to fragility in the older adults. Material and Methods. We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled, and EMBASE for the published studies in the duration June 2000 to February 2020 which were further shortlisted as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study. The elder population considered from the selected studies was considered in an age of 65 years or more who were pre-fragile or fragile. Here, we included the clinical as well as randomized control trials. Results. After extracting the data, we measured the risk ratio for aerobic intervention for physical intervention group as 0.55 [95% confidence interval (C.I) as 0.29, 1.03], mobility/rehabilitation interventions were nonsignificant for both groups with reported risk ratio as 1.13 (95% C.I as 0.96, 1.33), muscular strength randomized control trails as a significant integrated outcome estimate over the mobility measure, where the risk ratio was obtained as 1.17 (95% C.I 1.00, 1.35), for the randomized control trials of the mixed interventions showed a significant integrated outcome over the measures of mobility with obtained risk difference 0.03 (95% C.I -0.03, 0.09) and significant effects for daily life activities for intervention group with odds ratio 0.98 (95% C.I was 0.68, 1.41). Conclusion. From the conducted systematic review and meta-analysis, we determined a low to medium authentication that different physical activities interventions are considered to be advantageous for the pre-fragile as well as the fragile elderly people. The studies are required to be more comprehensive and clear about defining the fragility so as to assure the determination and performing of such interventions into a clinical execution.

Lifestyle Variation among the Elderly: Do Nutritional Knowledge and Diet Quality Differ When the Other Lifestyle Components Are Similar?

“…The study that used a more comprehensive indicator, incorporating financial status as one of its many components, namely socioeconomic status (SES), showed that a better socioeconomic status linked positively to the 'pro-healthy eating and more-active' pattern [49]. This is corroborated by previous studies that showed the positive impact of a higher socioeconomic status on attitudes toward healthy dietary patterns [56], dietary behaviors [57,58], dietary patterns [59], and nutritional status [60], as well as greater physical activity [61] in older adults. However, it should be noted that higher SES was associated with lower sleep duration [62] in older adults.…”

Effect of Exercise Programs on Physical Performance in Community-dwelling Older Adults With and Without Frailty. Systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Some systematic reviews have been published that evaluate the effect of physical exercise programs to improve functional capacity in older adults at the community level, in which it is reported that exercise program training has a positive effect on physical performance in healthy older adults and improves the function of those who are frail [10,11]. However, these studies do not compare the results regarding the effect on older adults without or with frailty.…”

Differential Patterns in Motivations for Practicing Sport and Their Effects on Physical Activity Engagement across the Lifespan

“…In addition, there are barriers related to the environment [16], such as transportation problems [17] and places with reduced accessibility [12], which in turn generate the fear of falling [10]. All these barriers contribute to a sedentary lifestyle, which in turn can accelerate the onset of diseases [18], and consequently increase the chances that individuals will become fragile and vulnerable to a series of life circumstances [19], consequently affecting their autonomy and adaptation to the environment [20].…”