A meta regression analysis of quality of life correlates in adults with ASD

Kim, So Yoon; Bottema‐Beutel, Kristen

doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2018.11.004

Cited by 30 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In addition, older respondents were less satisfied with the quality of their social life. This aligns with previous findings on social and psychological quality of life in autism ( Mason et al, 2018 ), though a recent meta-analysis reported no association between age and general quality of life in autism, indicating that other factors may be more influential predictors ( Kim & Bottema-Beutel, 2019 ). This argument is also relevant when taking into account the small proportion of the social life quality ratings explained by the models (3.2%–6.6%).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Bilingualism in autism: Language learning profiles and social experiences

Digard

Sorace

Stanfield

et al. 2020

Autism

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Bilingualism changes how people relate to others, and lead their lives. This is particularly relevant in autism, where social interaction presents challenges. Understanding the overlap between the social variations of bilingualism and autism could unveil new ways to support autistic people. This research aims to understand the language learning and social experiences of mono-, bi- and multilingual autistic people. A total of 297 autistic adults (mean age = 32.4 years) completed an online questionnaire including general demographic, language history and social life quality self-rating items. The sample included 89 monolingual English speakers, 98 bilinguals, and 110 multilinguals, with a wide range of language profiles. Regression models were used to analyse how bilingualism variables predicted social life quality ratings. In the full sample, age negatively predicted social life quality scores while the number of languages known positively predicted social life quality scores. In the multilingual subset, age negatively predicted social life quality scores, while third language proficiency positively predicted social life quality scores. This is the first study describing the language history and social experiences of a substantial sample of bilingual and multilingual autistic adults. It provides valuable insight into how autistic people can learn and use a new language, and how their bilingualism experiences shape their social life. Lay abstract Bilingualism changes the way people relate to others. This is particularly interesting in the case of autism, where social interaction presents many challenges. A better understanding of the overlap between the social variations of bilingualism and autism could unveil new ways to support the social experiences of autistic people. This research aims to understand the language learning and social experiences of autistic people who speak one, two or more languages. A total of 297 autistic adults (aged between 16 and 80 years) completed an online questionnaire that included general demographic questions, social life quality self-rating questions, language history questions, and open questions about the respondents’ bilingualism experience. Respondents had a wide range of language experiences: there were 89 monolingual English speakers, 98 bilinguals, 110 respondents knew three languages or more, all with a wide range of abilities in their languages. In the full group, younger respondents were more satisfied with their social life, and respondents with many languages were more satisfied with their social life than respondents with few languages. In the multilingual group, younger respondents were more satisfied with their social life, and the more skilled in their third language the more satisfied with their social life. This is the first study describing the language history and social experiences of a large group of bilingual and multilingual autistic adults. It highlights how autistic people can encounter a new language, learn it and use it in their daily life, and how their bilingualism experiences shape their social life.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Bilingualism in autism: Language learning profiles and social experiences

Digard

Sorace

Stanfield

et al. 2020

Autism

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“…A more positive QoL is correlated with being employed, receiving support and being in a close relationship. Autistic women tend to report a higher social QoL and men a higher physical QoL (Mason et al 2019 ), but investigations of the association between QoL and other factors, such as intellectual ability or overall social functioning, have produced inconsistent findings (Kim and Bottema-Beutel 2019 ; Lord et al 2020 ). It is also important to note that not all studies have found differences in QoL between adults with autism and those in the general population, (Hong et al 2016 ; Moss et al 2017 ; Oakley et al 2020 ) although this may be at least partly due to the limitations of standard QoL measures (c.f McConachie et al 2018 , 2020 ).…”

Section: Social Outcomes and Quality Of Life For Adults With Autismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adults with Autism: Changes in Understanding Since DSM-111

Howlin

2021

J Autism Dev Disord

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Over the past four decades there have been significant advances in our understanding of autism, yet services for autistic adults continue to lag far behind those for children, and prospects for employment and independent living remain poor. Adult outcomes also vary widely and while cognitive and language abilities are important prognostic indicators, the influence of social, emotional, familial and many other factors remains uncertain. For this special issue marking the 40th anniversary of DSM-III, the present paper describes the changing perspectives of autism in adulthood that have occurred over this period, explores individual and wider environmental factors related to outcome, and suggests ways in which services need to be changed to improve the future for adults living with autism.

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“…17,18,23,24 Efforts to capture QoL for autistic adults have used a quantitative approach with externally defined ''normative'' outcomes (e.g., employment, independent living) or on objective or observed indices (i.e., physical health markers). [25][26][27][28][29] Meanwhile, autistic first-person accounts of well-being as an indicator of QoL using methods commensurate with autistic adults' communication preferences and abilities are rare. 10,11,30 Other QoL work explores identifying autism-specific strengths and challenges and personally meaningful life satisfaction, 5,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32] but evaluation of QoLbased support programs is limited.…”

Section: What Did the Program Do?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[25][26][27][28][29] Meanwhile, autistic first-person accounts of well-being as an indicator of QoL using methods commensurate with autistic adults' communication preferences and abilities are rare. 10,11,30 Other QoL work explores identifying autism-specific strengths and challenges and personally meaningful life satisfaction, 5,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32] but evaluation of QoLbased support programs is limited. 12,[33][34][35][36][37] Intervention approach and measurement While applied behavior analysis (ABA) is the dominant intervention method for addressing challenging behaviors and building specific skills by manipulating discrete behaviors in controlled settings, 12,35 this approach of skill-building (Level 1, Fig.…”

Section: What Did the Program Do?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Meaning in Measurement: Evaluating Young Autistic Adults' Active Engagement and Expressed Interest in Quality-of-Life Goals

Bernhardt

Lam

Thomas

et al. 2020

Autism in Adulthood

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The need for support programs and meaningful measurement of outcomes with autistic adults is growing. To date, success in autism intervention has been defined based on changes in discretely defined, observable behaviors with limited consideration of the person's experience, motivations, or the complex contexts in which these skills are used. Behavioral skill-building interventions are effective at increasing or decreasing specific behaviors, but a purely behavioral focus is not enough for meaningful improvements in adult quality of life (QoL). To reflect reallife impact, intervention and measurement must go beyond quantitative estimates of changes in skills regardless of context of use and focus on enhancing and evaluating functional outcomes and adult QoL that includes active engagement with the adult and provides rigor in qualitative evaluation. This article reports on efforts to assess active engagement of verbally fluent young autistic adults in a supported university-based residential pilot program built around self-set wellness goals for healthy, engaged, responsible, and empowered adult living. Program evaluation used an exploratory process for evaluating QoL learning, while also being open to how future work can discern participant meanings in measurement. The pilot used a mixed-methods approach to measure entry skills and interests, codetermine personal wellness goals, inform program content with participants, and measure QoL learning in terms of active engagement, expressed interest, and changes in self-appraisal of competence, confidence, and identity. Participants' QoL learning, replication of QoL learning measurement methods, and further exploration of strategies to put participant meanings in QoL learning measurement are discussed.

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A meta regression analysis of quality of life correlates in adults with ASD

Cited by 30 publications

References 45 publications

Bilingualism in autism: Language learning profiles and social experiences

Bilingualism in autism: Language learning profiles and social experiences

Adults with Autism: Changes in Understanding Since DSM-111

Meaning in Measurement: Evaluating Young Autistic Adults' Active Engagement and Expressed Interest in Quality-of-Life Goals

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