A Metabolomics Profiling Study in Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease and Modulated Pathways of Clinical Intervention Using Liquid Chromatography/Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

Hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD), with poorly understood pathogenesis, has become a major public health threat across Asia Pacific. In order to characterize the metabolic changes of HFMD and to unravel the regulatory role of clinical intervention, we have performed a metabolomics approach in a clinical trial. In this study, metabolites profiling was performed by liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS) platform from the HFMD clinical patient samples. The outcome of this study suggested that 31 endogenous metabolites were mainly involved and showed marked perturbation in HFMD patients. In addition, combination therapy intervention showed normalized tendency in HFMD patients in differential pathway. Taken together, these results indicate that metabolomics approach can be used as a complementary tool for the detection and the study of the etiology of HFMD.

Clinical Efficacy of Andrographolide Sulfonate in the Treatment of Severe Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) is Dependent upon Inhibition of Neutrophil Activation

“…According to a previous randomized controlled trial protocol, the eligible patients with clinical severe HFMD symptoms were divided into a conventional therapy group and a combination therapy group (andrographolide sulfonate plus conventional medicine) (Li et al ., ; Lu et al ., ). These patients met the HFMD diagnosis and treatment guidelines that were issued by the Ministry of Health of China in 2010 (‘The Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China, Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hand Foot and Mouth Disease, Beijing, China, ’).…”

Recent Highlights of Metabolomics in Chinese Medicine Syndrome Research

“…The metabolites could yield important information about a person's health or disease. More specifically, metabolomics has a global and noninvasive analysis of biomarkers that are indicators of normal biological or pathogenic process, or response to therapeutic intervention, thereby helping to monitor treatment response [ 11 ]. Intimately, these large-scale analyses of metabolites are bound to novel mass spectrometry (MS) technology analyzers with the combination of hyphenated techniques [ 12 ].…”

Evaluation on Common Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Treated by Integrative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine

“…13 Andrographolide sulfonate is known to have many types of bioactivity, such as declining body temperature and relieving inflammation. 18 It has an effectively antithermic and antibacterial role to infections caused by various virus and bacteria. 13,18 It is likely that this mechanism is responsible for the clinical improvement that is observed in our study.…”

“…18 It has an effectively antithermic and antibacterial role to infections caused by various virus and bacteria. 13,18 It is likely that this mechanism is responsible for the clinical improvement that is observed in our study. More rigorous studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms of TCM in treating HFMD.…”