A metal-connected glass electrode

Abstract

Glass electrodes have come into extensive use for the measurement of hydrogenion activity in special cases in which other kinds of electrodes are unsuitable. Previous methods of construction have produced glass electrodes which were fragile, had an uncertain length of life, and required connecting in circuit with two standard electrodes. In the work reported in this paper a glass electrode was developed which has a comparatively thick wall and a direct metallic connection to the glass. This makes a very durable apparatus and eliminates one standard electrode from the circuit. It is shown that the accuracy of such a metal-connected glass electrode is comparable with that of other electrodes used in pH measurement. CONTENTS Page I. Introduction 833 1 Figures in parenthesis here and throughout the text refer to the numbers used in the bibliography at the end of this paper. 2 Commercial glass of this composition is obtainable, for instance, No. 015 glass of the Corning Glass Co., Corning, N. Y. Tubing with an outside diameter of 7 mm, and 1 mm wall is convenient for blowing membrane electrodes. '6.55 B. c. p.

Electrode function (pH response) of potash-silica glasses

“…ment dec:i'eases for electrodes with resistances greater than 500 megohms, this was not a contributing factor to the results obtained on the K 20-Si02 series because all the electrodes from these glasses exhibited low resistance. The glass electrodes were blown as thin-walled bulbs on the end of tubing made from the experimental glasscs,3 and the inner electrical connection was obtained by filling the bulb with mercury [8] .…”

Thickness of glass electrodes

“…It was th en filled with m ercury [21], into which th e m easurem en t lead was dipp ed . A B eckman model G pH m eter was use d to m eaSUl'e th e differences in po ten tial developed in a series of Britton universal buffer solu tions [4] between the exper imen tal el ectrode and a well-conditioned comm er cial glass electrode (Beckman 1190 ) serving as a refer ence electrode.…”

pH response of nonhygroscopic glasses

“…The pH response and other electrical characteristics of the experimental glass electrodes were determined on specimens of the simple CremerHaber type [1 , 2] prepared by blowing a small tinwalled bulb on the end of a section of glass tubinO"_ Because of their convenience of preparation and the relative simplicity of interpretation of the experimental results, mercury-filled electrodes [13] were preferred over the customary inner-solution filled type [2] .…”