“…Many ground plane shapes have been used [ 18 , 24 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ] as well as different types of feeding [ 18 , 26 , 28 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. Moreover, different types of materials have been employed, such as substrate or superstrate layers [ 12 , 22 , 36 , 37 , 38 ] and/or active devices (mainly varactors [ 30 ], MEMS [ 33 ], and PIN diodes [ 39 ]). Many references combine two [ 13 , 14 , 18 , 25 , 27 , 36 , 39 ], three [ 19 , 22 , 24 , 26 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 33 , 34 , 37 , 38 ], or even four categories of change [ 12 , 35 ] to obtain a very wide bandwidth.…”