A method for analysis of back shape in scoliosis

Turner-Smith, Alan; Harris, J.; Houghton, G. R.; Jefferson, R J

doi:10.1016/0021-9290(88)90242-4

Cited by 127 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…For this purpose we used rasterstereography which is in routine clinical use in our department since 1992 and is well evaluated. The ISISScanner [17,25] and the Quantec-Imaging-System [11,22] would have been alternatives, whereas Moire`-topography never could gain acceptance for routine clinical use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rasterstereographic analysis of axial back surface rotation in standing versus forward bending posture in idiopathic scoliosis

et al. 2006

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The forward bending test according to Adams and rib hump quantification by scoliometer are common clinical examination techniques in idiopathic scoliosis, although precise data about the change of axial surface rotation in forward bending posture are not available. In a pilot study the influence of leg length inequalities on the back shape of five normal subjects was clarified. Then 91 patients with idiopathic scoliosis with Cobb-angles between 20°and 82°were examined by rasterstereography, a 3D back surface analysis system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rasterstereographic analysis of axial back surface rotation in standing versus forward bending posture in idiopathic scoliosis

et al. 2006

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“…The axis system was defined by: the Y-axis that was vertical up, the X-axis was the horizontal parallel to the ASIS line towards the right of the patient, the origin (O) was the normal projection of ASIS line middle-point on the back surface, and the Z-axis was directed out of the back surface. The dimples of the posterior-superior iliac spines (PSIS) have been generally used to define the axis system for back surface topography [4,5,29] but with the entire trunk, the ASIS landmarks are accessible and easier to locate. They have the advantage of being more distant so that the error on axis direction is lower than for the PSIS.…”

Section: Trunk Surface Generation and Features Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several methods to quantify the scoliotic deformity from back or trunk surface asymmetry have been introduced since the 1970s: Moiré contour topography [17,32], raster systems such as the ISIS [26,[28][29][30][31] or the Quantec scanner [5,16,27]. The value of quantifying not only the back surface but also the 360°deformity of the entire scoliotic trunk has also been investigated [2,7,10,11,20,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of trunk shape measurements based on 3-D surface reconstructions

et al. 2007

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This study aimed to estimate the reliability of 3-D trunk surface measurements for the characterization of external asymmetry associated with scoliosis. Repeated trunk surface acquisitions using the Inspeck system (Inspeck Inc., Montreal, Canada), with two different postures A (anatomical position) and B (''clavicle'' position), were obtained from patients attending a scoliosis clinic. For each acquisition, a 3-D model of the patient's trunk was built and a series of measurements was computed. For each measure and posture, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were obtained using a bivariate analysis of variance, and the smallest detectable difference was calculated. For posture A, reliability was fair to excellent with ICC from 0.91 to 0.99 (0.85 to 0.99 for the lower bound of the 95% confidence interval). For posture B, the ICC was 0.85 to 0.98 (0.74 to 0.99 for the lower bound of the 95% confidence interval). The smallest statistically significant differences for the maximal back surface rotation was 2.5 and 1.5°for the maximal trunk rotation. Apparent global asymmetry and axial trunk rotation indices were relatively robust to changes in arm posture, both in terms of mean values and withinsubject variations, and also showed a good reliability. Computing measurements from cross-sectional analysis enabled a reduction in errors compared to the measurements based on markers' position.Although not yet sensitive enough to detect small changes for monitoring of curve natural progression, trunk surface analysis can help to document the external asymmetry associated with different types of spinal curves as well as the cosmetic improvement obtained after surgical interventions. The anatomical posture is slightly more reliable as it allows a better coverage of the trunk surface by the digitizing system.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5] Nevertheless, these exams are contraindicated in some population, as for people with cancer, pregnant women 6 and children in the development phase, 7 in addition to being a high cost procedure for underdeveloped and developing countries. 8 Thus, techniques for assessing noninvasive spine have been proposed as they are considered to be of low complexity and low cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The flexicurve already well documented in the literature, consists of a straight ruler, made of plastic-coated metal, which is molded on the back of the individual in order to illustrate the outline of the vertebral column, allowing a quick and cheap assessment of the curvatures of the vertebral column in the clinical environment, and also in study fields or with a big population. 8 Therefore, the flexicurve can constitute of a useful tool, especially in monitoring the children and young people's postural treatment, which requires frequent assessments because they are in the development stage 7 and they should not be exposed repeatedly to the deleterious effects of Xray examinations. 6,7 Considering the contour assessment of the vertebral column, the flexicurve can provide angular and linear measurements representing the curvatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%