A Method for Estimating On-Field Photovoltaics System Efficiency Using Thermal Imaging and Weather Instrument Data and an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

Abstract

A new approach is proposed for estimating the power efficiency of an on-field solar photovoltaics (PV) system using data from thermal imaging and weather instruments obtained using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). This method is specifically designed for the non-intrusive detection of the performance of the PV system in a large-scale solar power plant that could be efficient, manpower saving, operationally safe and comprehensive. In this study, a drone instrumented with a radiometer, a thermometer and an anemometer flew at a height of 1.5 m with a maximum lateral flight speed of 3.6 m/s above the PV modules (60 cells each) with hotspots or with aging but without hotspots. The average temperatures of the PV modules were then calculated through the measured radiation intensity, ambient temperature and wind speed based on the published correlation formula. The experimental correlations were obtained by measuring over 60 aging PV modules without hot-spot damage, and the uncertainties of the estimated efficiencies fell between 2% and 5%. Through the use of 20 hot-spot damaged PV modules when the measured temperatures of the cells were in the range of 80–90 °C, it was found that based on the experimental correlationd, their power efficiencies would be lower than 40% if more than eight cells had hot spots in a PV module. By taking this simple measure, the operator can decide which PV module is damaged and should be replaced immediately. By taking such measures, one can reduce the loading effect of solar PV modules adjacent to them because of the low efficiency and high impedance caused by the damage. We believe the new approach developed in this study could be very cost-effective and time-saving for improving the efficiency of power plant operations.

Impact of cell temperature on the performance of a rooftop photovoltaic system of 2.56 kWp at Universitas Pamulang

“…Efficiency is the ratio of output power (pout) to input power (Pin) [25] where the conversion efficiency is the output electric power divided by the result of solar irradiation (E) and the surface area (A) of the solar panel. Multiplying the measured output voltage and current equal to the output power [26], [27].…”

Thermal and Visual Tracking of Photovoltaic Plants for Autonomous UAV Inspection

“…In [27], a fully automated approach for detecting, classifying, and geopositioning thermal defects in the PV modules is proposed, which exploits a novel method based on image reprojection and function minimization to detect the panels from the images. The work described in [28] proposes a novel method for estimating the power efficiency of a PV plant using data from thermal imaging and weather instruments obtained using a UAV instrumented with a radiometer, a thermometer, and an anemometer. These and similar studies address only the problem of autonomous defect detection and geopositioning without using the acquired images as feedback for the UAV to move autonomously along the inspection path.…”