A method for estimating sensitivity of commercial explosives to practical types of initiation

The explosive power or strength of an energetic material shows its capacity for doing useful work. This work reviews recent developments for prediction of power of energetic compounds. A new user‐friendly computer code is also introduced to predict the relative power of a desired energetic compound as compared to 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT). It is based on the best available methods, which can be used for different types of energetic compounds including nitroaromatics, nitroaliphatics, nitramines, and nitrate esters. The computed relative powers are consistent with the measured data for some new materials containing complex molecular structures.

Section: Different Predictive Methods For Power (Strength) Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments for Prediction of Power of Aromatic and Non‐Aromatic Energetic Materials along with a Novel Computer Code for Prediction of Their Power

Keshavarz

Azarniamehraban

Atabak

et al. 2016

Microstructure Evolution during Crystallization of Vapor‐Deposited Hexanitroazobenzene Films

Knepper

Browning

Wixom

et al. 2012

Vapor‐deposited hexanitroazobenzene (HNAB) films were observed to form a dense amorphous structure that crystallizes to a mixture of the HNAB‐II polymorph and an unidentified structure over a period ranging from hours to weeks depending on the ambient temperature. Films crystallized at various temperatures were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy to measure the impact of crystallization temperature on resultant microstructure. Crystallization temperature was observed to have different effects on film microstructure over two temperature regimes. At temperatures below approximately 65 °C, increases in temperature led to a greater fraction of the film forming the HNAB‐II polymorph and caused subtle changes in morphology. However, at higher temperatures, a thin surface layer was observed to form prior to crystallization, which led to films composed primarily of the unknown crystal structure with conspicuous differences in morphology.

Modeling of Ignition in a Single Layer of Impacted Energetic Crystals

Wu¹,

Huang²,

Huang³

2013

A thermal‐mechanical model for the ignition of a layer of cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX) particles under drop‐weight impact was developed. Considering the micro‐particle plasticity, frictional heating, melting, fracture, and chemical reaction at particle level, effects of loading parameters and sample characteristics on ignition and mechanical responses were discussed. The threshold values for ignition to occur under different loading conditions and various material parameters can be predicted. The model was validated by comparing experimental measured and calculated mean pressure‐strain curves, which showed two turning points due to localized fragmentation and melting. Relationships between thermal and mechanical responses at the particle level were examined.