A method for estimating the biomass of bacteria in aquatic sediments and its application to trophic studies

Moriarty, David

doi:10.1007/bf00347474

Cited by 53 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…To compare cultural bacteria counts with MA levels, the method of Moriarty 48 was used to convert MA values to total bacterial load/m 3 for each medium. Total culturable and nonculturable bacteria were calculated from MA values based on Gram-stain characteristics.…”

Section: Culturable Bacterial Countsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Concentration of Bacteria and Their Cell Envelope Components in Indoor Air in Two Elementary Schools

Liu

Krahmer

Fox

et al. 2000

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Bacterial cell envelope components are widely distributed in airborne dust, where they act as inflammatory agents causing respiratory symptoms. Measurements of these agents and other environmental factors are assessed in two elementary schools in a southeastern city in the United States. Muramic acid (MA) was used as a marker for bacterial peptidoglycan (PG), and 3-hydroxy fatty acids (3-OH FAs) were used as markers for Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Culturable bacteria were collected using an Andersen sampler with three different culture IMPLICATIONS Levels of bacteria and their constituents (PG and LPS) are correlated with total surface dust and TSP levels in school environments. This suggests an important environmental health guideline for school administrators: decreasing both surface dust and TSP levels will likely reduce potential exposure to harmful biocontaminants. The high correlations between CO 2 and levels of bacteria and their constituents also indicate that an appropriate air-exchange rate may help minimize biocontamination. The analytical MA and 3-OH FA methods measure culturable and nonculturable bacteria as well as bacterial cell wall remnants, whereas the culture method only assesses the culturable portion of the bacterial population. Together, these three different measures provide complementary information for characterizing biocontamination of indoor air, which is more informative than information provided by culture alone. Additional evaluation of other environmental factors, including CO 2 and air-exchange rate, might suggest recommendations for lowering biocontamination in buildings.media. In addition, temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), and CO 2 were continuously monitored.Concentrations of airborne MA and 3-OH FAs were correlated with total suspended particulate (TSP) levels. Outdoor MA (mean = 0.78-1.15 ng/m 3 ) and 3-OH FA levels (mean = 2.19-2.18 ng/m 3 ) were similar at the two schools. Indoor concentrations of airborne MA and 3-OH FAs differed significantly between schools (MA: 1.44 vs. 2.84 ng/m 3 ; 3-OH FAs: 2.96 vs. 4.57 ng/m 3 ). Although indoor MA levels were low, they were significantly related to teachers' perception of the severity of indoor air quality (IAQ) problems in their classrooms. Concentrations of CO 2 correlated significantly with all bacteria measurements. Because CO 2 levels were related to the number of occupants and the ventilation rates, these findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the children and teachers are sources of bacterial contamination. Many culturable bacteria present in indoor air are opportunistic organisms that can be infectious for compromised individuals, while both culturable and nonculturable bacterial remnants act as environmental toxins for both healthy and compromised individuals. Measuring the "total bacteria load" would be most accurate in assessing the biotoxicity of indoor air. Chemical analysis of MA and 3-OH FAs, when coupled with the conventional culture method, provides complementary infor...

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Section: Culturable Bacterial Countsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Concentration of Bacteria and Their Cell Envelope Components in Indoor Air in Two Elementary Schools

Liu

Krahmer

Fox

et al. 2000

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…2) as feed disintegrates due to lack of feed stability (FS), and as inorganic dissolved phosphorus (ud) due to direct leaching rates (DL), as explained above. We assume that shrimp do not consume detritus, although Moriarty (1975) has suggested that it could have nutritional value.…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some authors have suggested that bacteria could be a link between nutrients in organic matter and detritivores, including crustaceans (Moriarty, 1975;Phillips, 1984). Moreover, coprophagy has been identified as a mechanism to obtain nutrients and vital elements used by many marine animals including the shrimp Litopenaeus setiferus (Frankenberg and Smith, 1967).…”

Section: Effect Of Calcium Phosphate Dibasic A6ailabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of phosphorus dynamics in an intensive shrimp culture system: effects of feed formulations and feeding strategies

Montoya

Lawrence

Grant

et al. 2000

Ecological Modelling

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The rapid expansion of shrimp culture has brought concern about potential environmental impacts caused by phosphorus wastes discharged from shrimp farms. This study describes development of a simulation model representing the effect of feed nutritional quality, feed physical characteristics, and feeding strategies on phosphorus dynamics in intensive Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus 6annamei ) culture systems, receiving dry feeds in the absence of natural productivity except bacteria. The model represents the addition of phosphorus to the culture system as dry feed, its consumption and metabolism by shrimp, and its loss in uneaten feed, particulate feed, feces, and dissolved in the water. The model was quantified using published information and unpublished research results conducted at the Shrimp Mariculture Research Laboratory of Texas A&M University. The model is multivariate, deterministic, and uses a compartment model structure based on difference equations. Evaluation of the model consisted of simulating two indoor and one outdoor experiments that examined the effect of various feed formulation and feeding parameters on total reactive phosphorus (TRP) concentration in the water. Simulated TRP generally agreed with indoor experimental results, but it was overestimated by 0.13 ppm when compared to the outdoor experiment, probably due to lack of phytoplankton representation in the model. Simulations investigating a range of possible inorganic phosphorus availabilities suggested that when apparent availability is low either animals are using other sources of phosphorus or published values are underestimated and when apparent availability is high either animals are metabolically eliminating excess assimilated phosphorus or published values are overestimated.

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“…algae, detritus, bacteria, fungi and pollen, in the stomach . In the case of bacteria, for example, routine methods which can be used to estimate the standing crop of bacteria associated with ingested detritus are only starting to be developed (Moriarity, 1975) . As a result, most investigations have been restricted to laboratory experimentation (e .g.…”

Section: Relative Amounts Of Ingested Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some aspects of the feeding biology of benthic herbivores

Moore¹

1977

Hydrobiologia

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The methods used in collection, preservation, and gut content and grazing analysis of benthic herbivores are reviewed . In addition, the results of experiments conducted on feeding periodicities and on the suitability for feeding studies of animals which were i) collected with an electric shocker, 2) collected from the downstream drift of rivers and 3) killed with certain preservatives are presented . It is concluded that since most methods involve such a high degree of error, many of our concepts regarding the nutritional importance of different foods, selective feeding and the magnitude of herbivorous grazing may be largely misleading .

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A method for estimating the biomass of bacteria in aquatic sediments and its application to trophic studies

Cited by 53 publications

References 13 publications

Investigation of the Concentration of Bacteria and Their Cell Envelope Components in Indoor Air in Two Elementary Schools

Investigation of the Concentration of Bacteria and Their Cell Envelope Components in Indoor Air in Two Elementary Schools

Simulation of phosphorus dynamics in an intensive shrimp culture system: effects of feed formulations and feeding strategies

Some aspects of the feeding biology of benthic herbivores

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