A Method for Identifying Pollution Sources of Heavy Metals and PAH for a Risk-Based Management of a Mediterranean Harbour

Paladino, Ombretta; Moranda, Arianna; Seyedsalehi, Mahdi

doi:10.1155/2017/4690715

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Moreover, the Monte Carlo simulation of uncertainties was applied in the risk assessment model by collecting limited samples to predict the overall situation. As a result, the risk uncertainty was expressed intuitively, in agreement with the order of the nature, which favors for a decision-making for risk managers and policymakers ( Paladino, Moranda & Seyedsalehi, 2017 ; Sasi, Yozukmaz & Yabanli, 2017 ). The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has set the Monte Carlo simulation as a basic method in the risk analysis policy ( Moolenaar, 1996 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Influencing factors and health risk assessment of microcystins in the Yongjiang river (China) by Monte Carlo simulation

Xiao

Chen

Mei

et al. 2018

PeerJ

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The Yongjiang river is a large, shallow, hyper-trophic, freshwater river in Guangxi, China. To investigate the presence of microcystin-RR, microcystin-LR, and microcystin-YR (MC-RR, MC-LR, and MC-YR) in the Yongjiang river and describe their correlation with environmental factors, as well as, assess health risk using Monte Carlo simulation, 90 water samples were collected at three sample points from March to December 2017. Results showed that during the monitoring period, total concentrations of MC-RR (TMC-RR), MC-YR (TMC-YR), and MC-LR (TMC-LR) varied from 0.0224 to 0.3783 μg/L, 0.0329 to 0.1433 μg/L, and 0.0341 to 0.2663 μg/L, respectively. Total phosphorus (TP) content appeared to be related to TMC-LR and the total concentrations of microcystins (TMCs), while pH and total nitrogen (TN)/TP ratio appeared to be related to TMC-RR and TMC-YR, respectively. Using the professional health risk assessment software @Risk7.5, the risks of dietary intake of microcystins (MCs), including the carcinogenic risk and non-carcinogenic risk, were evaluated. It was found that the carcinogenic risk of MC-RR from drinking water was higher than MC-LR and MC-YR, and the presence of MCs would lead to high potential health risks, especially in children. The carcinogenic risk of MC-RR to children was >1 × 10−4, the maximum allowance level recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency; as for adults, it was >5 × 10−5, the maximum allowance level recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection. The non-carcinogenic hazard index (HI) of MC-RR, MC-YR, and MC-LR increased successively, indicating that MC-LR was more hazardous to human health than MC-YR and MC-RR, but its HI was <1. This suggests that MCs pose less risk to health. However, it is necessary to strengthen the protection and monitoring of drinking water source for effective control of water pollution and safeguarding of human health.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Influencing factors and health risk assessment of microcystins in the Yongjiang river (China) by Monte Carlo simulation

Xiao

Chen

Mei

et al. 2018

PeerJ

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“…The Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to identify the factors responsible for the accumulation of trace metals in the studied local and exotic fruits and their relationships [70,71]. The values extracted from the PCA are presented in Table 5.…”

Section: Results Of Multivariate Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in the levels, source, cancer and non-cancer risks of trace metals in the local and exotic fruits

Asukwo¹,

Solomon²,

Udo³

et al. 2020

World J. Adv. Res. Rev.

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Local and exotic fruits are generally consumed for their high nutritive values however, they also contain high quantities of harmful substances including trace metals. This work investigated the variations in the levels of Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the local Citurs sinensis, Persea americana, Citrus paradise, Malus domestica, and Citurs limon are their exotic counterparts. The cancer and non-cancer health risks related to the consumption of both the local and exotic fruits were also examined. The results obtained revealed higher levels of all the metals in the local fruits than in their exotic counterparts however; the mean values of the metals were within their recommended limits by FAO/WHO. Multivariate analysis indicated anthropogenic factor as the major source of trace metals in the studied fruits. The average daily intake rates of the metals were generally lower than their provisional tolerable daily intake limits by FAO/WHO. The study showed that the consumers of local fruits were more vulnerable to health hazard than those consuming the exotic ones. Results for the cancer risk and total cancer risk were generally within the acceptable range of 10 -6 -10 -4 by USEPA. Though, the consumers of the locally sourced fruits were more exposed to carcinogens.

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“…The principal component analysis (PCA) was utilized in this study to recognize the factors responsible for the accumulation of toxic metals in the studied vegetables [71,72]. Results in Table 3 indicate two key factors responsible for the accumulation of toxic metals in vegetables from the South with Eigen values > 1 with 87.08% of the total variance.…”

Section: Multivariate Analysis Of Toxic Metals In the Studied Vegetablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study on the metal loads and related human health risks of toxic metals between the vegetables from Southern and Northern regions of Nigeria consumed in Akwa Ibom State

Asukwo¹,

Solomon²,

Udo³

et al. 2020

World J. Adv. Res. Rev.

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Vegetables are consumed in both the developing and developed countries of the world due to their high nutritive values, however they also contain some high levels of toxic substances including metals. This research examined the variations in toxic metal loads between the vegetables from the southern and northern parts of Nigeria consumed in Akwa Ibom State. This study also assessed the sources of these toxic metals in the studied vegetables from both regions of the country. The cancer and non-cancer health risks related to the consumption of these vegetables by the adults and children populations were investigated. The results showed higher levels of As, Cd, and Ni in vegetables from the North than in the South; the levels of Cr were higher in vegetables from the South, whereas the levels of Pb varied between the vegetables from both regions. The difference in the variations in toxic metal levels was significant at p < 0.05 for As and Ni. The study identified two major separate factors responsible for the accumulation of toxic metals in the studied vegetables from both regions. The results also revealed that the consumers of these vegetables were not exposed to serious cancer and non-cancer health risks however, were exposed to more Cd via the consumption of Solanum lycopersicum. It was also observed that the consumers were more expose to the carcinogens through the consumption of vegetables from the north and the children were more susceptible.

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A Method for Identifying Pollution Sources of Heavy Metals and PAH for a Risk-Based Management of a Mediterranean Harbour

Cited by 12 publications

References 39 publications

Influencing factors and health risk assessment of microcystins in the Yongjiang river (China) by Monte Carlo simulation

Influencing factors and health risk assessment of microcystins in the Yongjiang river (China) by Monte Carlo simulation

Variations in the levels, source, cancer and non-cancer risks of trace metals in the local and exotic fruits

A comparative study on the metal loads and related human health risks of toxic metals between the vegetables from Southern and Northern regions of Nigeria consumed in Akwa Ibom State

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